Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology of Heart Failure
Heart Failure I: Introduction
Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies
Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics
Heart Failure V: Medical Management
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Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Sex Differences in Mouse Hippocampal Astrocytes after In-Vitro Ischemia
Published on: October 25, 2016
Evann Eisenberg1, Katherine E Di Palo2, Ileana L Piña3
1Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, California, Los Angeles.
Heart failure (HF) affects many women, yet gender differences in its recognition, diagnosis, and treatment are often overlooked. Understanding these variations is crucial for improving care for women with heart failure.
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