Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Frustration and Conflict: Avoidance-Avoidance, Double-Approach Avoidance01:14

Frustration and Conflict: Avoidance-Avoidance, Double-Approach Avoidance

698
Avoidance-avoidance conflict refers to a psychological situation where a person must choose between two or more unpleasant alternatives. These conflicts are particularly stressful because neither option is desirable. This dilemma is often expressed in sayings like "caught between a rock and a hard place" or "between the devil and the deep blue sea." For instance, individuals who fear dental procedures may find themselves torn between enduring a painful toothache or facing the...
698
Generalization, Discrimination, and Extinction01:24

Generalization, Discrimination, and Extinction

1.5K
Generalization, discrimination, and extinction are key concepts in operant conditioning that influence how behaviors are learned and maintained.
Generalization occurs when a behavior reinforced in one context is performed in similar situations. For instance, a student who studies diligently for calculus and receives excellent grades might apply the same study habits to psychology and history, expecting similar results. Generalization shows how learning in one setting can influence behavior in...
1.5K
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions03:11

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

75.9K
Oxidation–Reduction Reactions
75.9K
Personality Disorders: Narcissistic and Avoidant01:26

Personality Disorders: Narcissistic and Avoidant

852
Narcissistic and avoidant personality traits represent two contrasting patterns of behavior that significantly influence social interactions and self-perception. While individuals with narcissistic disorder seek admiration and validation, individuals with avoidant personality disorder withdraw due to fear of judgment.
Characteristics of Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Narcissistic individuals exhibit an inflated sense of self-importance and an excessive need for admiration. They are often...
852
Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness01:14

Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness

2.7K
Avoidance learning and learned helplessness are critical concepts in understanding behavioral responses to negative stimuli.
Avoidance learning occurs when an organism learns that a specific behavior can prevent an unpleasant outcome. For example, a student who receives a bad grade may start studying harder to avoid future poor grades. This behavior persists even when the negative outcome is no longer present. Avoidance learning is powerful because it maintains behavior in the absence of the...
2.7K
Oxymercuration-Reduction of Alkenes02:36

Oxymercuration-Reduction of Alkenes

9.4K
Oxymercuration–reduction of alkenes is one of the major reactions converting alkenes to alcohols. It involves the hydration of alkenes with mercuric acetate in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran and water, forming an organomercury adduct. This is followed by a demercuration step in which the adduct is reduced to an alcohol using sodium borohydride.
9.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Effects on intrusive memories of playing Tetris with or without simultaneous and deliberate memory recall.

Journal of traumatic stress·2026
Same authorSame journal

Does future-oriented imagery rescripting increase willingness to carry out a social anxiety-related behavioral experiment? An extended replication.

Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry·2026
Same author

Investigating the analytical robustness of the social and behavioural sciences.

Nature·2026
Same author

Are fear learning, interpretation bias training and global-local processing related to social anxiety? An individual differences study.

Cognitive behaviour therapy·2026
Same author

Imagery rescripting: New developments special issue editorial.

Behaviour research and therapy·2025
Same author

VIRTUS: virtual reality exposure training for adolescents with social anxiety - a randomized controlled trial.

BMC psychiatry·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Protocol for Studying Extinction of Conditioned Fear in Naturally Cycling Female Rats
09:07

Protocol for Studying Extinction of Conditioned Fear in Naturally Cycling Female Rats

Published on: February 23, 2015

14.0K

Testing a novelty-based extinction procedure for the reduction of conditioned avoidance.

Angelos-Miltiadis Krypotos1, Iris M Engelhard1

  • 1Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry
|February 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Novelty-based extinction did not reduce conditioned avoidance in a study exploring its effects on anxiety-related disorders. Further research is needed to explore this technique for reducing fear and avoidance behaviors.

Keywords:
AnxietyFearPhobiasTherapy

More Related Videos

Sucrose Preference and Novelty-Induced Hypophagia Tests in Rats using an Automated Food Intake Monitoring System
07:33

Sucrose Preference and Novelty-Induced Hypophagia Tests in Rats using an Automated Food Intake Monitoring System

Published on: May 8, 2020

11.4K
A Procedure to Observe Context-induced Renewal of Pavlovian-conditioned Alcohol-seeking Behavior in Rats
13:24

A Procedure to Observe Context-induced Renewal of Pavlovian-conditioned Alcohol-seeking Behavior in Rats

Published on: September 19, 2014

13.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Protocol for Studying Extinction of Conditioned Fear in Naturally Cycling Female Rats
09:07

Protocol for Studying Extinction of Conditioned Fear in Naturally Cycling Female Rats

Published on: February 23, 2015

14.0K
Sucrose Preference and Novelty-Induced Hypophagia Tests in Rats using an Automated Food Intake Monitoring System
07:33

Sucrose Preference and Novelty-Induced Hypophagia Tests in Rats using an Automated Food Intake Monitoring System

Published on: May 8, 2020

11.4K
A Procedure to Observe Context-induced Renewal of Pavlovian-conditioned Alcohol-seeking Behavior in Rats
13:24

A Procedure to Observe Context-induced Renewal of Pavlovian-conditioned Alcohol-seeking Behavior in Rats

Published on: September 19, 2014

13.3K

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Excessive avoidance of non-dangerous cues is a diagnostic hallmark of anxiety disorders.
  • Current therapies for anxiety disorders have high relapse rates.
  • Novelty-based extinction, where a fear stimulus is paired with a neutral event, shows promise in reducing learned fear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if novelty-based extinction can diminish conditioned avoidance responses.
  • To explore the efficacy of pairing a conditioned stimulus with a novel neutral event in reducing fear-related behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Participants underwent a Pavlovian conditioning procedure with spider images (CS+, CS-) and shock (US).
  • A button-press avoidance response was trained.
  • The experimental group received novelty-based extinction (CS+ paired with a tone), while the control group received standard extinction.

Main Results:

  • No significant difference was found in the return of avoidance or explicit fear between the novelty-based extinction group and the control group.
  • Both groups exhibited similar levels of returning avoidance and fear after the extinction procedure.

Conclusions:

  • The study's findings do not support the hypothesis that novelty-based extinction reduces avoidance responses.
  • This research serves as an initial exploration into novelty-based extinction for reducing avoidance and fear, with limitations including the absence of physiological fear measures and assessment of only short-term effects.