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Amplifying and Quantifying HIV-1 RNA in HIV Infected Individuals with Viral Loads Below the Limit of Detection by Standard Clinical Assays
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Short Communication: Apoptotic Membrane Microparticles Quantified by Fluorescent Bead-Based Assay Are Elevated in HIV

Estelle Autissier1, Haiying Li2, Paul A Goepfert3

  • 11 Division of Immunology, New England Primate Research Center , Harvard Medical School, Southborough, Massachusetts.

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses
|March 1, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Apoptotic membrane microparticles (MMPs) are elevated in HIV and SIV infections, indicating immune activation. A new assay quantifies these microparticles in humans and macaques, aiding disease research.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Apoptotic membrane microparticles (MMPs) from dying cells are immunostimulatory and signal global immune activation and cell death.
  • MMPs are implicated in various disease states, highlighting their role in immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a flow cytometric bead assay for quantifying annexin-V+ apoptotic MMPs in human and non-human primate plasma.
  • To assess MMP levels in normal and HIV/SIV-infected individuals and their correlation with immune activation.

Main Methods:

  • A flow cytometric bead assay was developed using pan-fluorescent beads to enumerate MMPs in plasma.
  • MMP quantification was achieved by determining MMP-to-bead ratios after adding a constant bead ratio to plasma.

Main Results:

  • The assay demonstrated high reproducibility for quantifying circulating MMPs in both humans and rhesus macaques.
  • MMP levels were similar in healthy humans and macaques but increased two- to threefold during HIV and SIV infections.
  • Elevated MMPs were positively associated with T cell immune activation in infected subjects.

Conclusions:

  • A rapid, bead-based assay effectively quantifies MMPs in human and macaque plasma, suitable for disease modeling.
  • Increased MMPs during HIV/SIV infection suggest they are instigators and predictors of immune activation, a key factor in disease pathogenesis.
Keywords:
HIVSIVexosomesfluorescent beadsmembrane microparticles

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