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Related Concept Videos

RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
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Interference and Diffraction02:18

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Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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Interference and Decay01:16

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Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
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Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
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Sound waves can be modeled either as longitudinal waves, wherein the molecules of the medium oscillate around an equilibrium position, or as pressure waves. When two identical waves from the same source superimpose on each other, the combination of two crests or two troughs results in amplitude reinforcement known as constructive interference. If two identical waves, that are initially in phase, become out of phase because of different path lengths, the combination of crests with troughs...
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RNAi Interference by dsRNA Injection into Drosophila Embryos
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RNA Interference (RNAi) Screening in Drosophila.

Florian Heigwer1, Fillip Port1, Michael Boutros2

  • 1Division of Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center, and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Mannheim, D-69120, Germany.

Genetics
|March 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary

RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful tool for studying gene function in Drosophila. This review focuses on high-throughput RNAi screening methods in cell-based assays and in vivo tissue-specific knockdown analysis.

Keywords:
DrosophilaFlyBookRNAibioinformaticsfunctional genomicsgenome engineeringhigh-throughput screeningimage-based screening

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • RNA interference (RNAi) is a conserved cellular mechanism for gene silencing.
  • RNAi utilizes RNA-guided degradation of messenger RNA transcripts to study gene function.
  • RNAi has been instrumental in identifying and characterizing gene function across various model organisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the application of RNA interference (RNAi) for studying gene function in Drosophila.
  • To focus on high-throughput screening methods in cultured cells and in vivo applications.
  • To compare RNAi with genome-engineering methods like CRISPR/Cas9 for functional genomics.

Main Methods:

  • Application of RNAi in cultured cells and in vivo for gene function perturbation.
  • High-throughput screening (HTS) methods for genome-wide and targeted gene silencing.
  • Utilizing reagent libraries and cell lines for cell-based assays.
  • Computational analysis of HTS data.
  • Generation and use of genome-scale RNAi libraries for tissue-specific knockdown.

Main Results:

  • RNAi enables systematic probing of gene function on a genome-wide scale in Drosophila.
  • High-throughput screening methods accelerate the pace of functional genomics research.
  • Genome-scale RNAi libraries facilitate tissue-specific gene knockdown studies in vivo.
  • Comparison highlights the utility and differences between RNAi and CRISPR/Cas9.

Conclusions:

  • RNA interference is a versatile and impactful technology for functional genomics in Drosophila.
  • High-throughput screening and in vivo applications significantly enhance gene function discovery.
  • Understanding RNAi methodologies is crucial for advancing genetic research and comparing it with newer technologies.