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Prediction of Postnatal Growth Failure among Very Low Birth Weight Infants

Soon Min Lee1, Namhyo Kim2, Ran Namgung1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Scientific Reports
|March 1, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Postnatal growth failure (PGF) affects nearly half of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Early and aggressive enteral nutrition is key to reducing PGF incidence in these vulnerable newborns.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Pediatric Growth and Development
  • Nutritional Support

Background:

  • Postnatal growth failure (PGF) is a significant clinical challenge for preterm infants.
  • Very low birth weight (VLBW) infants are particularly susceptible to PGF.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of PGF in VLBW infants.
  • To identify risk factors associated with PGF in VLBW infants, considering gestational age at birth.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from 2799 VLBW infants (2013-2014) from the Korean Neonatal Network.
  • PGF defined as a weight Z-score decrease > -1.28 from birth to discharge using Fenton growth charts.
  • Propensity score matching used to compare infants small for gestational age (SGA) and appropriate for gestational age (AGA).

Main Results:

  • Overall PGF incidence was 45.5%, significantly higher in SGA (68.9%) than AGA (36.2%) infants.
  • PGF correlated negatively with gestational age and birth weight, and positively with co-morbidities.
  • Predictors for SGA infants included respiratory distress syndrome and time to achieve enteral feeding; for AGA infants, only time to enteral feeding was significant.

Conclusions:

  • Early initiation and rapid advancement of enteral nutrition are crucial for preventing PGF in VLBW infants.
  • Tailored nutritional strategies may be necessary based on infant's gestational age and clinical condition.

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