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Language continuity despite population replacement in Remote Oceania.

Cosimo Posth1, Kathrin Nägele2, Heidi Colleran3

  • 1Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany. posth@shh.mpg.de.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ancient DNA reveals a previously unknown Papuan expansion into Remote Oceania around 2,500 years ago. This migration led to a near-complete replacement of early Austronesian ancestry in Pacific populations, yet Austronesian languages persisted.

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Area of Science:

  • Human Population Genetics
  • Archaeogenetics
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Early migrations to Remote Oceania, associated with the Austronesian-speaking Lapita culture, were previously thought to be primarily of East Asian origin.
  • The presence of Papuan-related ancestry in modern Pacific populations suggests a significant, yet poorly understood, ancestral role for peoples from Near Oceania.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the timing and nature of Papuan expansion into Remote Oceania.
  • To understand the demographic history of Pacific populations, including the interplay between ancestry and language.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide analysis of 19 ancient individuals from the South Pacific.
  • Genome-wide analysis of 27 contemporary ni-Vanuatu individuals.
  • Integration of genetic data with historical linguistics models.

Main Results:

  • Direct evidence of a Papuan expansion into Remote Oceania commencing approximately 2,500 years before present, predating previous estimates.
  • A subsequent, near-complete replacement of Lapita-Austronesian ancestry by Near Oceanian ancestry in Vanuatu.
  • Persistence of Austronesian languages despite the significant replacement of ancestral populations.

Conclusions:

  • The peopling of Remote Oceania involved a complex, incremental process with multiple migration events and sex-biased admixture.
  • Population replacement with language continuity, as observed in Vanuatu, is an exceptionally rare demographic phenomenon.
  • Ancient DNA provides crucial insights into the deep ancestral past and migration patterns of Pacific Islanders.