Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Automatic Processing and Automatic Social Behavior01:28

Automatic Processing and Automatic Social Behavior

267
Automatic processing refers to the cognitive operations that occur without conscious intent or awareness, playing a fundamental role in shaping social cognition and behavior. These processes enable individuals to navigate complex social environments efficiently by relying on mental shortcuts and pre-existing knowledge structures known as schemas. One of the most influential mechanisms underlying automatic processing is priming, which subtly activates mental representations through exposure to...
267
Fixed Action Patterns01:06

Fixed Action Patterns

17.7K
A fixed action pattern (FAP) is a specific, hard-wired sequence of behaviors that occurs in response to an external stimulus, called a sign stimulus. The behavior is “fixed” because it is essentially unchangeable—proceeding similarly across individuals of a species every time it occurs.
17.7K
Muscles that Move the Head01:19

Muscles that Move the Head

6.1K
The muscles that move the head are a dynamic and complex group of structures that work together to facilitate a wide range of head movements, including rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending.
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...
6.1K
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

15.0K
The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
15.0K
What is Behavior?00:54

What is Behavior?

10.3K
Behaviors are actions that an organism engages in—they can be related to finding food, reproducing, defending against threats, and many other possible actions. Behaviors include activities related to the environment around the animal—such as migration—as well as social interactions within a species or population. Many behaviors involve motor output—that is, muscle movements—while others involve less visible actions, such as learning.
10.3K
Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness01:14

Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness

2.7K
Avoidance learning and learned helplessness are critical concepts in understanding behavioral responses to negative stimuli.
Avoidance learning occurs when an organism learns that a specific behavior can prevent an unpleasant outcome. For example, a student who receives a bad grade may start studying harder to avoid future poor grades. This behavior persists even when the negative outcome is no longer present. Avoidance learning is powerful because it maintains behavior in the absence of the...
2.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Evolutionary convergence and divergence of hippocampal cytoarchitecture between rodents and primates revealed by single-cell spatial transcriptomics.

National science review·2026
Same author

Hierarchical Replay of Multi-regional Sequential Spiking Associated with Working Memory.

Neuroscience bulletin·2025
Same author

Towards single-cell-resolution global maps of mammalian brains.

Nature reviews. Neuroscience·2025
Same author

Recurrent neural networks with transient trajectory explain working memory encoding mechanisms.

Communications biology·2025
Same author

High-throughput mapping of single-neuron projection and molecular features by retrograde barcoded labeling.

eLife·2024
Same author

Prefrontal projections modulate recurrent circuitry in the insular cortex to support short-term memory.

Cell reports·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Behavioral Training Procedures for Head-fixed Virtual Reality in Mice
06:27

Behavioral Training Procedures for Head-fixed Virtual Reality in Mice

Published on: September 6, 2024

2.4K

High-Throughput Automatic Training System for Odor-Based Learned Behaviors in Head-Fixed Mice.

Zhe Han1,2, Xiaoxing Zhang1, Jia Zhu1,2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.

Frontiers in Neural Circuits
|March 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary

We developed a High-Throughput Automatic Training System (HATS) for efficient mouse behavioral studies. This automated system trains mice on complex cognitive tasks, accelerating neuroscience research.

Keywords:
automatic trainingcognitive behaviorhead-fixed miceolfactionworking memory

More Related Videos

An Open-Source Virtual Reality System for the Measurement of Spatial Learning in Head-Restrained Mice
08:59

An Open-Source Virtual Reality System for the Measurement of Spatial Learning in Head-Restrained Mice

Published on: March 3, 2023

2.8K
An Objective and Reproducible Test of Olfactory Learning and Discrimination in Mice
09:33

An Objective and Reproducible Test of Olfactory Learning and Discrimination in Mice

Published on: March 22, 2018

9.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Behavioral Training Procedures for Head-fixed Virtual Reality in Mice
06:27

Behavioral Training Procedures for Head-fixed Virtual Reality in Mice

Published on: September 6, 2024

2.4K
An Open-Source Virtual Reality System for the Measurement of Spatial Learning in Head-Restrained Mice
08:59

An Open-Source Virtual Reality System for the Measurement of Spatial Learning in Head-Restrained Mice

Published on: March 3, 2023

2.8K
An Objective and Reproducible Test of Olfactory Learning and Discrimination in Mice
09:33

An Objective and Reproducible Test of Olfactory Learning and Discrimination in Mice

Published on: March 22, 2018

9.2K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Science
  • Animal Cognition

Background:

  • Understanding the neural basis of learned behaviors is crucial.
  • Efficient and automated behavioral assays are needed to advance this research.
  • Current methods can be labor-intensive and limit throughput.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and validate a High-Throughput Automatic Training System (HATS) for olfactory learning in head-fixed mice.
  • To enable automated training across various cognitive tasks with minimal human intervention.
  • To enhance experimental efficiency for studying neural mechanisms of learned behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Developed an integrated system with 3D-printed components, a fast-response odor delivery unit, and Arduino-based control.
  • Created customized software for automated training phases: lick-teaching, shaping, and learning.
  • Trained mice on tasks including delayed non-match to sample (DNMS), delayed paired association (DPA), and Go/No-go (GNG) reversal.

Main Results:

  • Mice achieved stable performance within days across multiple cognitive tasks.
  • The HATS system enabled simultaneous training of eight mice, significantly increasing experimental efficiency.
  • The system successfully facilitated training for tasks assessing sensory discrimination, working memory, decision-making, and cognitive flexibility.

Conclusions:

  • HATS provides an efficient, automated platform for behavioral neuroscience research.
  • This system accelerates the study of neural circuitry underlying complex learned behaviors.
  • HATS is a valuable tool for combining with perturbation and recording techniques to deepen our understanding of the brain.