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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

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Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
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Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:27

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Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach. It can be either acute or chronic.
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
The causes of acute pancreatitis include:
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Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

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Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
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Acute Respiratory Failure-I01:21

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Acute respiratory failure is a condition characterized by the inability of the lungs to perform their primary function: gas exchange. This failure leads to insufficient oxygen levels (hypoxemia) in the blood, elevated carbon dioxide levels (hypercapnia), or both, causing critical impairment in organ function.
Definition: It is defined by specific criteria based on blood gas measurements. Hypoxemia happens when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) falls below 60 mmHg. At the same time,...
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Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

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Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
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Acute Respiratory Failure-V01:29

Acute Respiratory Failure-V

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The treatment for acute respiratory failure varies based on factors like the underlying cause, overall health, and severity. A collaborative healthcare team is essential for early detection, often through arterial blood gas analysis. Identifying the cause is the primary goal, with treatment strategies adjusted for ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, shunting, or diffusion impairment.
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The Participant-Reported Implementation Update and Score PRIUS: A Novel Method for Capturing Implementation-Related Data Over Time
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Acute cholangitis - an update.

Monjur Ahmed1

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States. monjur.ahmed@jefferson.edu.

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology
|March 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Acute cholangitis, a bacterial infection of the extra-hepatic biliary system, often stems from gallstones. Early diagnosis and treatment, including fluids, antibiotics, and bile duct drainage, are crucial for a favorable outcome.

Keywords:
Acute cholangitisAscending cholangitisBiliary infectionHepatic feverInfection of the bile duct

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Hepatology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Acute cholangitis is a serious bacterial infection affecting the extra-hepatic biliary system.
  • Gallstones obstructing the common bile duct are the primary cause, leading to higher prevalence in certain ethnicities.
  • Any form of biliary obstruction serves as a significant predisposing factor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the etiology, diagnosis, and management of acute cholangitis.
  • To emphasize the importance of early intervention in improving patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis relies on integrating clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and imaging studies.
  • Treatment involves a multi-modal approach including intravenous fluids, antibiotics, and biliary drainage.

Main Results:

  • Prompt treatment initiation is associated with good patient outcomes.
  • Delayed treatment can lead to severe complications and grave prognoses.

Conclusions:

  • Acute cholangitis requires timely medical intervention for effective management.
  • Understanding predisposing factors and diagnostic criteria is key to successful treatment.