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Olfactory cleft evaluation: a predictor for olfactory function in smell-impaired patients?

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A modified Lund-Kennedy Score focusing on the olfactory cleft (OC-LK) effectively correlates with olfactory function in patients with sino-nasal smell disorders, aiding diagnosis.

Keywords:
Endoscopic gradingLund–Kennedy scoring systemOlfactory cleftOlfactory lossSino-nasal

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Rhinology
  • Olfactory Neuroscience

Background:

  • The Lund-Kennedy Score (LKS) is used to assess sinonasal inflammation.
  • Previous work modified the LKS to focus on the olfactory cleft (OC-LK) to better evaluate olfactory dysfunction.
  • The correlation between OC-LK scores and olfactory function in various smell disorders requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the correlation between a modified Lund-Kennedy Score (OC-LK) and olfactory function in patients with diverse smell disorders.
  • To compare the efficacy of the OC-LK score versus the classical LKS in assessing smell impairment.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective cohort study included 288 participants categorized into five groups: control, idiopathic, sino-nasal, postinfectious, and post-traumatic olfactory loss.
  • Olfactory function was assessed using the "Sniffin' Sticks" test.
  • Both the classical LKS and the olfactory cleft-specific LKS (OC-LK) were performed to evaluate mucosal changes.

Main Results:

  • The OC-LK score was significantly higher in smell-impaired patients compared to normosmic controls.
  • Significant differences in OC-LK scores were observed between the sino-nasal group and all other groups.
  • The OC-LK score demonstrated significant negative correlations with odor discrimination and identification in the sino-nasal group, unlike the classical LKS.

Conclusions:

  • The olfactory cleft evaluation using the OC-LK score correlates with olfactory function in patients with sino-nasal smell disorders.
  • The OC-LK score may reflect the underlying pathophysiology of sino-nasal smell loss.
  • This modified scoring system can complement olfactory diagnostics for sino-nasal smell disorders.