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Related Concept Videos

What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

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Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
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What is Gene Expression?01:36

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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Cell Specific Gene Expression

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Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Using an Automated Cell Counter to Simplify Gene Expression Studies: siRNA Knockdown of IL-4 Dependent Gene Expression in Namalwa Cells
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Photomodulating Gene Expression by Using Caged siRNAs with Single-Aptamer Modification.

Liangliang Zhang1, Changmai Chen1, Xinli Fan1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China.

Chembiochem : a European Journal of Chemical Biology
|March 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed light-activated caged small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) with aptamers for precise gene silencing. This method allows for spatiotemporal control of gene expression, offering new possibilities for RNA interference applications.

Keywords:
aptamerscaged siRNAsgene expressionlight activationphotolabile oligonucleotides

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Predicting Gene Silencing Through the Spatiotemporal Control of siRNA Release from Photo-responsive Polymeric Nanocarriers
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Predicting Gene Silencing Through the Spatiotemporal Control of siRNA Release from Photo-responsive Polymeric Nanocarriers

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful tool for gene silencing.
  • Controlling RNAi with spatiotemporal precision remains a challenge.
  • Aptamer conjugation offers potential for enhanced RNAi regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and synthesize caged siRNAs for photochemical regulation of gene silencing.
  • To investigate the role of aptamer conjugation in enhancing the blocking effect of siRNA.
  • To demonstrate the spatiotemporal control of gene expression using aptamer-modified caged siRNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Conjugation of oligonucleotide aptamers (AS1411, MUC-1) to siRNAs via a photolabile linker.
  • Design of caged siRNAs with terminal modifications for photochemical control.
  • Photochemical activation and gene silencing assays in cells using firefly luciferase and GFP reporters.
  • Spatial patterning experiments to demonstrate localized gene expression control.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of aptamer-conjugated caged siRNAs.
  • Demonstration of photoregulated gene silencing for both firefly luciferase and GFP.
  • Achieved spatial regulation of GFP expression through light-activated aptamer-modified caged siRNAs.
  • Aptamer conjugation enhanced the blocking effect on RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) formation/processing.

Conclusions:

  • Aptamer-modified caged siRNAs provide a viable strategy for photochemically controlled gene silencing.
  • This approach enables precise spatiotemporal regulation of gene expression.
  • Further optimization holds promise for advanced applications in gene therapy and research.