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Related Concept Videos

Spherical Coordinates01:23

Spherical Coordinates

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Spherical coordinate systems are preferred over Cartesian, polar, or cylindrical coordinates for systems with spherical symmetry. For example, to describe the surface of a sphere, Cartesian coordinates require all three coordinates. On the other hand, the spherical coordinate system requires only one parameter: the sphere's radius. As a result, the complicated mathematical calculations become simple. Spherical coordinates are used in science and engineering applications like electric and...
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Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

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Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
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Gravity between Spherical Bodies01:27

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Newton's law of gravitation describes the gravitational force between any two point masses. However, for extended spherical objects like the Earth, the Moon, and other planets, the law holds with an assumption that masses of spherical objects are concentrated at their respective centers.
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Spherical and Cylindrical Capacitor01:26

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A spherical capacitor consists of two concentric conducting spherical shells of radii R1 (inner shell) and R2 (outer shell). The shells have  equal and opposite charges of +Q and −Q, respectively. For an isolated conducting spherical capacitor, the radius of the outer shell can be considered to be infinite.
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Gauss's Law: Spherical Symmetry01:26

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A charge distribution has spherical symmetry if the density of charge depends only on the distance from a point in space and not on the direction. In other words, if the system is rotated, it doesn't look different. For instance, if a sphere of radius R is uniformly charged with charge density ρ0, then the distribution has spherical symmetry. On the other hand, if a sphere of radius R is charged so that the top half of the sphere has a uniform charge density ρ1 and the bottom half has a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions
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Spherical and Worm-Like Micelles from Fructose-Functionalized Polyether Block Copolymers.

Tobias C Majdanski1,2, David Pretzel1,2, Justyna A Czaplewska1,2

  • 1Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.

Macromolecular Bioscience
|March 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study synthesized fructose-modified polymers (Fru-PEG and Fru-PEG-b-PEHG) that self-assemble into micelles. These micelles showed differential uptake by breast cancer cells, suggesting potential for targeted drug delivery.

Keywords:
PEGbicontinuous structuresencapsulationfilomicellesfructoseisopropylidene fructose

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Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst
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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Development of novel drug delivery systems is crucial for effective cancer therapy.
  • Polymeric micelles offer advantages like improved drug solubility and targeted delivery.
  • Sugar-modified polymers can enhance cellular interactions and targeting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize fructose-modified poly(ethylene glycol) (Fru-PEG) and block copolymers (Fru-PEG-b-PEHG).
  • To investigate the self-assembly of these polymers into micelles.
  • To evaluate the cellular uptake of sugar-decorated versus non-sugar-decorated micelles in breast cancer cells.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of fructose-modified polymers via protected fructose initiation and deprotection.
  • Self-assembly of block copolymers into micelles.
  • Characterization using cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS).
  • Cellular uptake studies using Nile red as a model hydrophobic cargo.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis and characterization of Fru-PEG and Fru-PEG-b-PEHG polymers.
  • Demonstrated self-assembly into micelles with controlled morphology.
  • Observed differences in the uptake of sugar-decorated micelles compared to non-sugar-decorated micelles by breast cancer cells.

Conclusions:

  • Fructose-modified polymers can self-assemble into functional micelles.
  • The presence of fructose decoration influences micelle interaction with breast cancer cells.
  • These findings support the potential of sugar-modified micelles for targeted cancer therapy applications.