Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Holter Monitor: 24-Hour Monitoring01:23

Holter Monitor: 24-Hour Monitoring

2.8K
Holter monitoring is a continuous electrocardiography (ECG) recording that tracks the heart's electrical activity over an extended period, generally 24 to 48 hours. This noninvasive diagnostic tool detects irregular heart rhythms that may not be captured during a standard ECG performed in a clinical setting.DeviceThe Holter monitor is a portable, small device connected to several electrodes on the patient's chest. These electrodes detect the heart's electrical signals and transmit them to the...
2.8K
Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping02:05

Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping

44.8K
People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about...
44.8K
Testes: Histology01:27

Testes: Histology

3.1K
A tough, fibrous membrane, the tunica albuginea, covers the testes, extending inward to form fibrous partitions or septa, dividing them into internal compartments called lobules. Each lobule has 1 to 3 tightly coiled seminiferous tubules where sperm production occurs. These tubules merge into a tubular network at the back of the testis, known as the rete testis. It connects to 15 to 20 efferent ductules, leading to the epididymis.
The spermatogenic cells, responsible for producing sperm, are...
3.1K
Complementation Tests00:49

Complementation Tests

6.3K
A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by Edward Lewis in the 1940s while working on fruit flies. He developed the test to identify the location and arrangement of different mutations on chromosomes.
Organisms heterozygous for different mutations are crossed pairwise in all combinations. If present on different genes, the mutations can complement each other by providing the missing...
6.3K
Significance Testing: Overview01:04

Significance Testing: Overview

12.8K
Significance testing is a set of statistical methods used to test whether a claim about a parameter is valid. In analytical chemistry, significance testing is used primarily to determine whether the difference between two values comes from determinate or random errors. The effect of a particular change in the measurement protocol, analyst, or sample itself can cause a deviation from the expected result. In the case of a suspected deviation/outlier, we need to be able to confirm mathematically...
12.8K
Testes: Gross Anatomy01:19

Testes: Gross Anatomy

6.6K
The testes, also known as testicles, are the male gonads. They are housed within the scrotum, a sac-like structure located beneath the penis. The scrotum's primary role is to regulate the temperature of the testes, which is crucial for sperm production.
Each testis is surrounded by the tunica albuginea, a dense connective tissue layer that provides structural support and protection. This layer is covered by an outer serous membrane called the tunica vaginalis, which helps reduce friction...
6.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Monitoring HIV-indicator condition guided HIV testing in Estonia.

HIV medicine·2018
Same author

HIV continuum of care in Europe and Central Asia.

HIV medicine·2017
Same author

Internet-based recruitment system for HIV and STI screening for men who have sex with men in Estonia, 2013: analysis of preliminary outcomes.

Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin·2015
Same author

Risk for Heterosexual HIV Transmission Among Non-Injecting Female Partners of Injection Drug Users in Estonia.

AIDS and behavior·2011
Same author

Emergent properties of HIV risk among injection drug users in Tallinn, Estonia: synthesis of individual and neighbourhood-level factors.

Sexually transmitted infections·2010
Same author

Knowledge of HIV serostatus and risk behaviour among injecting drug users in Estonia.

AIDS care·2009

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Comprehensive & Cost Effective Laboratory Monitoring of HIV/AIDS: an African Role Model
23:56

Comprehensive & Cost Effective Laboratory Monitoring of HIV/AIDS: an African Role Model

Published on: October 31, 2010

17.3K

Monitoring anonymous HIV testing in Estonia from 2005 to 2015.

K Rüütel1, K Kallavus1, I Tomera1

  • 1National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia.

HIV Medicine
|March 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Anonymous HIV testing sites in Estonia are effective in reaching high-risk populations, detecting most new HIV cases. Despite a decreasing positivity rate, these services are well-accepted and crucial for HIV prevention efforts.

Keywords:
HIV testingpositivity ratetesting costs

More Related Videos

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors
05:46

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors

Published on: April 9, 2014

18.4K
Genotypic Inference of HIV-1 Tropism Using Population-based Sequencing of V3
11:10

Genotypic Inference of HIV-1 Tropism Using Population-based Sequencing of V3

Published on: December 27, 2010

12.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Comprehensive & Cost Effective Laboratory Monitoring of HIV/AIDS: an African Role Model
23:56

Comprehensive & Cost Effective Laboratory Monitoring of HIV/AIDS: an African Role Model

Published on: October 31, 2010

17.3K
Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors
05:46

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors

Published on: April 9, 2014

18.4K
Genotypic Inference of HIV-1 Tropism Using Population-based Sequencing of V3
11:10

Genotypic Inference of HIV-1 Tropism Using Population-based Sequencing of V3

Published on: December 27, 2010

12.8K

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Disease Control

Background:

  • Estonia has offered free, anonymous HIV testing since 1988 through a network of healthcare organizations.
  • Services are funded by the National Institute for Health Development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness and trends of anonymous HIV testing in Estonia between 2005 and 2015.
  • To assess the reach and impact of anonymous testing sites on HIV case detection.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of annual reports from the National Institute for Health Development.
  • Inclusion of data from the Health Board and Estonian Health Insurance Fund.

Main Results:

  • Anonymous testing sites account for 5-6% of over 200,000 annual HIV tests.
  • Rapid HIV testing increased from 15% (2010) to 53% (2015) at these sites.
  • Up to 65% of new HIV cases were identified at anonymous sites, with a decreasing positivity rate.

Conclusions:

  • Anonymous HIV testing services are highly utilized by both general and vulnerable populations.
  • These sites effectively identify individuals at higher risk for HIV, as indicated by higher positivity rates.
  • Focus should shift towards high-risk individuals and community-based testing due to declining overall positivity rates.