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Updated: Feb 13, 2026

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Nutrient leaching from extensive green roofs with different substrate compositions: a laboratory study.

Wei Zhang1, Xing Zhong2, Wu Che1

  • 1Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China E-mail: zhangwei@bucea.edu.cn; Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China and Beijing advanced innovation center for future urban design, Beijing 100044, China.

Water Science and Technology : a Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research
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Summary

Extensive green roofs showed that peat soil substrates did not stabilize nutrient leaching (TP, COD) even after 300 mm of rain. Substrate depth had minimal long-term impact on nutrient concentrations.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Urban Hydrology
  • Sustainable Building Materials

Background:

  • Green roofs are increasingly used for stormwater management and urban cooling.
  • Nutrient leaching from green roof substrates is a concern for receiving water bodies.
  • Understanding long-term effluent quality is crucial for effective green infrastructure design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate nutrient leaching (TN, TP, COD) from extensive green roof platforms under artificial rainfall.
  • To evaluate the influence of substrate depth and type on effluent quality.
  • To analyze pollutant leaching processes using a normalized cumulative emission method.

Main Methods:

  • Establishment of green roof platforms with varying substrate depths and types (peat, modified substrates).
  • Application of artificial rainfall to simulate real-world conditions.
  • Monitoring of effluent quantity and quality (TN, TP, COD) over time.
  • Analysis of leaching rates and processes using a normalized cumulative emission method.

Main Results:

  • Effluent TP and COD concentrations from peat soil substrates did not stabilize even after 300 mm cumulative rainfall.
  • Substrate depth showed little significant influence on long-term TN, TP, and COD concentrations.
  • Modified substrates exhibited high initial leaching rates for nitrogen and phosphorus, with phosphorus leaching higher than nitrogen.
  • Green roofs acted as a sink for Total Nitrogen (TN) but not for Total Phosphorus (TP) or Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) in this study.

Conclusions:

  • Nutrient leaching from green roofs, particularly TP and COD, can be persistent and requires careful substrate selection.
  • Initial leaching rates are significant for modified substrates, necessitating management strategies.
  • Green roof performance as a nutrient sink varies by pollutant type, impacting overall water quality benefits.