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Related Concept Videos

Speed of Sound in Gases01:08

Speed of Sound in Gases

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The speed of sound in a gaseous medium depends on various factors. Since gases constitute molecules that are free to move, they are highly compressible. Hence, sound waves travel slowly through gases. Thermodynamics helps us understand the relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature of gases, thus, the speed of sound in an ideal gas can be determined using the laws of thermodynamics. At the same time, Newton's laws of motion and the continuity equation of fluid dynamics also come...
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Deriving the Speed of Sound in a Liquid01:09

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As with waves on a string, the speed of sound or a mechanical wave in a fluid depends on the fluid's elastic modulus and inertia. The two relevant physical quantities are the bulk modulus and the density of the material. Indeed, it turns out that the relationship between speed and the bulk modulus and density in fluids is the same as that between the speed and the Young's modulus and density in solids.
The speed of sound in fluids can be derived by considering a mechanical wave...
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Speed of Sound in Solids and Liquids00:51

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Most solids and liquids are incompressible—their densities remain constant throughout. In the presence of an external force, the molecules tend to restore to their original positions, which is only possible because the constituents interact. The interactions help the constituents pass on information about external disturbances, like sound waves. Therefore, sound waves travel faster through these media. Compared to solids, the constituents in a liquid are less tightly bound. Thus, sound...
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Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.
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Korotkoff Sounds01:12

Korotkoff Sounds

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Korotkoff sounds are the specific sounds heard while measuring blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer, typically with a stethoscope or a Doppler device. They are named after Russian physician Nikolai Korotkov, who first described them in 1905. These sounds correspond to turbulent blood flow in the artery as the blood pressure cuff is gradually released after inflation.
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Heart Sounds01:15

Heart Sounds

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Heart sounds are generated by the turbulence in blood flow due to the closing of heart valves. These sounds are best perceived slightly away from the valves, where the blood flow disseminates the sound.
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Simultaneous Measurement of Turbulence and Particle Kinematics Using Flow Imaging Techniques
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Simultaneous imaging of flow and sound using high-speed parallel phase-shifting interferometry.

Kenji Ishikawa, Risako Tanigawa, Kohei Yatabe

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    |March 1, 2018
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    This study introduces a novel method for simultaneously visualizing fluid flow and sound waves using advanced imaging techniques. The technique successfully captured both the airflow from a whistle and its emitted sound waves in a high-speed experiment.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Acoustics
    • Fluid Dynamics

    Background:

    • Simultaneous visualization of fluid flow and sound is challenging due to differing physical phenomena.
    • Existing methods often lack the temporal resolution to capture both accurately.
    • High-speed imaging and interferometry are key technologies in fluid dynamics research.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and demonstrate a novel method for simultaneous imaging of fluid flow and sound.
    • To enable visualization of dynamic flow patterns and acoustic waves in a single experiment.
    • To advance the capabilities of high-speed optical measurement techniques.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized parallel phase-shifting interferometry combined with a high-speed polarization camera.
    • Employed gas injection with a different density than ambient air to enhance flow visibility for interferometry.
    • Applied time-directional processing to extract low-amplitude sound waves from high-speed flow videos.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully achieved simultaneous imaging of flow and sound at a frame rate of 42,000 frames per second.
    • Visualized the airflow emitted from a whistle's slit.
    • Captured the 8.7 kHz spherical sound wave emitted by the whistle.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed method offers a powerful tool for simultaneous flow and sound visualization.
    • This technique advances the study of aeroacoustics and fluid-structure interactions.
    • High-speed polarization imaging and interferometry provide new avenues for acoustic research.