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Related Concept Videos

Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue01:23

Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue

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Bone tissue forms the internal skeleton of vertebrate animals, providing structure to the body.
Bone Matrix
Bone, or osseous tissue, is a connective tissue that has a large amount of two different types of matrix material. The organic matrix is similar to the matrix material found in other connective tissues, including some amount of collagen and elastic fibers. This gives strength and flexibility to the tissue. The inorganic matrix consists of mineral salts— mostly calcium salts—...
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Self-help support groups are voluntary, community-based organizations that provide a platform for individuals with shared concerns to exchange support, insights, and practical strategies for coping with life challenges. Typically led by group members or paraprofessionals, these groups form a cornerstone of mental health care, especially in reaching populations that are underserved by traditional healthcare systems.
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A coplanar force system refers to a set of forces that all lie in the same plane and are subject to different reactions between the point of contact and the supports. Understanding how different types of supports affect coplanar forces is crucial for designing safe and reliable structures that can withstand external loads.
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Support reactions in three dimensions help maintain the stability and equilibrium of various structures and systems. These reactions prevent the system from translating and rotating, ensuring the design can withstand external forces and perform its intended function efficiently and safely. Some of the supports providing support reactions in three dimensions are discussed below:
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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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A Simple Pit Assay Protocol to Visualize and Quantify Osteoclastic Resorption In Vitro
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Bone resorption: supporting immunometabolism.

Gustav van Niekerk1, Megan Mitchell2, Anna-Mart Engelbrecht2

  • 1Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa gustav.v.niekerk@gmail.com.

Biology Letters
|March 2, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bone breakdown during immune activation provides essential nutrients like phosphate and magnesium. These minerals fuel immune cell metabolism and function, highlighting bone resorption

Keywords:
bone resorptioncalciumimmunometabolismmagnesiumphosphate

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Area of Science:

  • Immunometabolism
  • Bone Biology
  • Infectious Disease

Background:

  • Immune system activation increases peripheral tissue breakdown, including bone.
  • The role of bone resorption in supporting immune responses is not fully understood.
  • Immunometabolism research reveals metabolic shifts in activated immune cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional significance of bone resorption during immune activation.
  • To explore how bone-derived metabolites support immune cell metabolism.
  • To elucidate the role of phosphate, magnesium, and calcium in immune responses.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent advances in immunometabolism and bone biology.
  • Analysis of the metabolic requirements of activated immune cells.
  • Examination of the contribution of bone-derived minerals to immune cell function.

Main Results:

  • Bone resorption liberates phosphate, crucial for nucleotide and phospholipid synthesis and metabolite phosphorylation.
  • Magnesium, released from bone, acts as a cofactor for upregulated metabolic enzymes in immune cells.
  • Calcium, also from bone, activates molecules involved in immune cell migration.

Conclusions:

  • Bone resorption is vital for providing essential metabolic substrates to activated immune cells.
  • Phosphate and magnesium liberated from bone are indispensable for sustaining immune cell metabolism.
  • Bone resorption plays a key functional role during infection by supporting the immune system.