Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration in Patients with a Previous History of Biliary Tract Surgery
Published on: February 10, 2023
The Modified Glasgow Prognostic Score in Patients with Gemcitabine-refractory Biliary Tract Cancer
Naohiro Okano1, Akiyoshi Kasuga2, Kirio Kawai2
1Department of Medical Oncology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan naohiro-okano@ks.kyorin-u.ac.jp.
Background:
No standard second-line chemotherapy has been yet established for gemcitabine-refractory biliary tract cancer (BTC).
Patients And Methods:
We conducted multivariable Cox regression analysis to examine the prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) in patients who had received gemcitabine-based treatment.
Results:
Forty-six patients received second-line chemotherapy. The median serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) value was 487 U/ml. The modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGPS) was: 0 (n=24), 1 (n=10), or 2 (n=10). The second-line chemotherapy included: S-1 in 20 patients, gemcitabine-based in 20, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors in five. The median OS was 8.3 months, and the median progression-free survival was 3.0 months. Multivariate analysis identified serum CA 19-9 ≥500 U/ml, mGPS ≥1, and presence of liver metastasis as significant prognostic factors for OS.
Conclusion:
Second-line chemotherapy for gemcitabine-refractory BTC remains inadequate. Randomized trials with appropriate stratification criteria are required.
More Related Videos
07:44Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Biliary Drainage: Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Hepaticogastrostomy in Malignant Biliary Obstruction
Published on: March 25, 2022
07:23Using a Whole-mount Immunohistochemical Method to Study the Innervation of the Biliary Tract in Suncus murinus
Published on: June 15, 2017
Related Concept Videos
Introduction to z Scores
z scores...
Introduction to z Scores
z scores...
z Scores and Area Under the Curve
z Scores and Unusual Values
This score indicates how far a value is from the mean in terms of standard deviation. For example, if a data value has a z score of +1, the researcher can infer that the particular data value is one standard deviation above the mean. If another data...
Nerve Supply of the GI Tract
The enteric nervous system consists of two major plexuses: the myenteric plexus (Auerbach's plexus) and the submucosal plexus (Meissner's plexus). These plexuses are located within the layers of...
Histology of the Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract
The mucosa is sometimes called a mucous membrane due to its mucus-secreting features. This membrane is composed of epithelium, which directly interacts with ingested substances, and the lamina propria, a layer...