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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Associative Learning01:27

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Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
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Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
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Autoimmune Disorders01:29

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

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Chronic urticaria and thyroid autoimmunity: a perplexing association.

Subothini Sara Selvendran1, Nikhil Aggarwal1

  • 1Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.

Oxford Medical Case Reports
|March 2, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic urticaria may indicate underlying autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). Treating AITD resolved a patient's persistent hives, suggesting a crucial link for physicians to consider in diagnosis and management.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Dermatology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Chronic urticaria is frequently linked to autoimmune disorders.
  • Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is a notable comorbidity.

Observation:

  • A 49-year-old patient presented with unexplained chronic urticaria on hands and shins.
  • No specific triggers for the urticarial rash were identified.

Findings:

  • The patient was diagnosed with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD).
  • Urticaria symptoms completely resolved after AITD treatment.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of screening for AITD in chronic urticaria patients.
  • Early AITD diagnosis and treatment can effectively manage associated chronic urticaria.