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A simple method of equine limb force vector analysis and its potential applications.

Sarah Jane Hobbs1, Mark A Robinson2, Hilary M Clayton3

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Summary

This study introduces novel methods for analyzing equine ground reaction forces (GRF) using force vector diagrams and statistical parametric mapping (SPM). These techniques offer a more detailed assessment of functional asymmetry in horses.

Keywords:
EquineForceGRFGait analysisLamenessLocomotionVector diagram

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Area of Science:

  • Equine biomechanics
  • Gait analysis
  • Veterinary orthopedics

Background:

  • Traditional analysis of equine ground reaction forces (GRF) relies on discrete values from continuous data.
  • Evaluating functional asymmetry in horses often involves complex force-time curve analysis.
  • Novel methods are needed for a more comprehensive understanding of equine locomotion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a temporo-spatial method for displaying and analyzing sagittal plane GRF vectors.
  • To introduce statistical parametric mapping (SPM) for analyzing differences in force-time curves between contralateral limbs.
  • To demonstrate alternative methods for evaluating functional asymmetry in horses.

Main Methods:

  • Collected GRF and kinematic data from 10 horses trotting over force plates.
  • Determined stance phase using a 50 N threshold and plotted GRF as force-time curves and force vector diagrams.
  • Applied SPM and traditional statistical tests (t-tests, Hotelling's T2) to compare limb data.

Main Results:

  • Force vector magnitude (VecMag) correlated with vertical force and impulse; VecAng correlated with longitudinal force and impulse.
  • SPM analysis of group data showed no significant differences between contralateral limb pairs.
  • SPM identified significant differences in forelimb forces in an individual horse during three distinct periods.

Conclusions:

  • Force vector analysis and SPM provide harmonious results with traditional methods for identifying inter-limb asymmetries.
  • SPM offers tighter alpha control, revealing significance in individual horses that may be missed in group analysis.
  • These techniques show promise for future investigations into equine sidedness and asymmetry.