Update on current research into haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Area of Science:

• Hematology
• Transplantation Immunology
• Oncology

Background:

• Haploidentical stem cell transplantation (Haplo-SCT) is crucial for patients lacking human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched donors.
• It serves as a vital alternative for treating various hematological diseases worldwide.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advancements in Haplo-SCT.
• To analyze global trends, compare outcomes with other transplant types, and discuss strategies for improvement.
• To explore expanded indications for Haplo-SCT.

Main Methods:

• Review of recent literature on Haploidentical stem cell transplantation.
• Analysis of global trends and outcomes data.
• Examination of strategies for donor selection, hematopoietic reconstitution, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) management, and relapse prevention.

Main Results:

• Haploidentical allografts using granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-based or post-transplant cyclophosphamide-based protocols are mainstream strategies.
• Haplo-SCT shows promise in expanded indications like severe aplastic anemia, myeloma, and lymphoma.
• Despite progress, numerous questions remain in the field of Haplo-SCT.

Conclusions:

• Haplo-SCT is a well-established alternative for patients lacking matched donors.
• Ongoing research focuses on optimizing Haplo-SCT protocols and expanding its application.
• Further investigation is needed to address remaining challenges and unanswered questions in Haplo-SCT.