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Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Free Radicals in Chemical Biology: from Chemical Behavior to Biomarker Development
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Radical Anions from Urea-type Carbonyls: Radical Cyclizations and Cyclization Cascades
Huan-Ming Huang1, Joseph J W McDouall1, David J Procter1
1School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
Abstract:
Radical anions generated from urea carbonyls by reductive electron transfer are exploited in carbon-carbon bond formation. New radical cyclizations of urea radical anions deliver complex nitrogen heterocycles and, depending upon the proton source used in the reactions, a chemoselective switch between reaction pathways can deliver two heterobicyclic scaffolds. A computational study has been used to investigate the selectivity of the urea radical processes. Furthermore, radical cyclization cascades involving urea radical anions deliver unusual spirocyclic aminal architectures.
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