Brain volume change and cognitive trajectories in aging.
Evan Fletcher1, Brandon Gavett2, Danielle Harvey1
1University of California.
Neuropsychology
|March 2, 2018
Summary
Brain gray matter volume changes, particularly in the temporal lobe, significantly impact cognitive decline in older adults. Baseline white matter hyperintensity and hippocampus also play a role in cognitive aging.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Gerontology
- Cognitive Psychology
Background:
- Longitudinal cognitive trajectories are crucial for understanding aging.
- Brain structure changes are linked to cognitive decline in older adults.
- Racial/ethnic and cognitive diversity is important in aging research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between longitudinal cognitive trajectories and baseline brain measures.
- To examine how changes in lobar brain volumes affect cognitive function over time.
- To analyze these associations in a diverse sample of older adults.
Main Methods:
- Utilized latent variable multilevel modeling on cognitive data from 460 older adults.
- Assessed episodic memory, semantic memory, executive function, and spatial ability using SENAS.
- Examined associations between baseline brain volumes (lobar gray matter, hippocampus, white matter hyperintensity) and cognitive change.
Main Results:
- Cognitive change strongly correlated with gray matter volume change, especially in the temporal lobe.
- Baseline white matter hyperintensity and hippocampal volumes predicted cognitive decline beyond gray matter changes.
- Global gray matter change and specific temporal lobe gray matter change had independent effects on cognitive decline.
Conclusions:
- Gray matter volume change, particularly in the temporal lobe, is a key driver of cognitive decline in aging.
- Temporal lobe structures are critical for cognitive health in late life and vulnerable to aging-related diseases.
- Baseline brain health indicators like white matter hyperintensity and hippocampal volume offer incremental predictive value for cognitive decline.
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