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The Collision Theory
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DNAzyme-dependent Analysis of rRNA 2&#8217;-O-Methylation
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2-Oxoglutarate-Dependent Oxygenases.

Md Saiful Islam1, Thomas M Leissing1, Rasheduzzaman Chowdhury1

  • 1The Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom;

Annual Review of Biochemistry
|March 2, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

2-Oxoglutarate (2OG)-dependent oxygenases (2OGXs) are versatile enzymes catalyzing diverse reactions in all life forms. Their broad functions in biology are being harnessed for medicine, agrochemistry, and biocatalysis.

Keywords:
2-oxoglutaratebiosynthesisdemethylationdioxygenaseepigeneticshydroxylationhypoxiaoxygen sensingoxygenaseα-ketoglutarate

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Enzymology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • 2-Oxoglutarate (2OG)-dependent oxygenases (2OGXs) are a diverse enzyme class.
  • They catalyze a wide array of oxidative reactions, including hydroxylations, N-demethylations, ring formations, and halogenations.
  • These enzymes play critical roles in various biological processes across different organisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of 2OGX biochemistry and biological functions.
  • To highlight the applications of 2OGX enzymology in medicine, agrochemistry, and biocatalysis.
  • To connect the catalytic flexibility of 2OGXs to their diverse roles.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of 2OGX research.
  • Analysis of biochemical mechanisms.
  • Case studies linking enzymology to biological function and applications.

Main Results:

  • 2OGXs exhibit remarkable catalytic versatility, performing different reactions in animals, plants, and microbes.
  • Their functions span collagen biosynthesis, development, transcriptional regulation, DNA repair, metabolism, and secondary metabolite production.
  • Human 2OGXs are therapeutic targets for anemia and cancer, while plant 2OGXs are targets for herbicide degradation.

Conclusions:

  • The diverse enzymatic activities of 2OGXs underpin their essential roles in life.
  • Understanding 2OGX enzymology opens avenues for developing novel therapeutics and agrochemicals.
  • Biocatalysis offers promising applications leveraging the unique catalytic capabilities of 2OGXs.