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Related Concept Videos

Line Loss01:10

Line Loss

548
The different configurations of source-load connections include wye (star) and delta connections. The relationship between line and phase voltages and currents varies depending on the configuration. When the source is supplying power, it is transmitted through the wires to the load, and during this transmission, some power is absorbed by the wires, leading to line loss.
Line loss impacts power delivery efficiency in a balanced three-phase circuit. The symmetry in such a circuit simplifies the...
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Reducing Line Loss01:18

Reducing Line Loss

395
In a three-phase circuit, line loss is an indicator of energy dissipated as heat due to the resistance of transmission lines. To address this, incorporating transformers into the system—a step-up transformer at the source and a step-down transformer at the load—is a strategic solution. Two three-phase transformers are introduced to improve this.
With a step-up transformer at the source, the voltage is increased, thereby reducing the current in the transmission lines since power loss in...
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Major Losses in Pipes01:28

Major Losses in Pipes

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When a fluid flows through a pipe, it experiences energy losses due to frictional resistance along the pipe walls, known as major losses. These energy losses result in a pressure drop, which varies based on the flow conditions — whether laminar or turbulent — and the specific physical properties of the fluid and pipe.
Fluid flow can be classified as laminar or turbulent, primarily based on the Reynolds number. This dimensionless number reflects the relative influence of inertial to viscous...
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Minor Losses in Pipes01:25

Minor Losses in Pipes

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In pipe systems, minor losses refer to energy losses arising from components such as valves, bends, fittings, expansions, and other features that disrupt the steady flow of fluid. These disturbances cause energy dissipation through turbulence and resistance, which engineers quantify to manage system efficiency effectively.
Valves play a significant role in generating minor losses by obstructing or redirecting the fluid flow. When a valve is closed or partially closed, it restricts the flow...
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Energy Losses in Transformers01:21

Energy Losses in Transformers

1.4K
In an ideal transformer, it is assumed that there are no energy losses, and, hence, all the power at the primary winding is transferred to the secondary winding. However, in reality,  the transformers always have some energy losses, and, hence, the output power obtained at the secondary winding is less than the input power at the primary winding due to energy losses.
There are four main reasons for energy losses in transformers.
The first cause can be  the high resistance of the...
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Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss01:57

Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss

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Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Real-Time Dynamic Navigation System for the Precise Quad-Zygomatic Implant Placement in a Patient with a Severely Atrophic Maxilla
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Real-Time Dynamic Navigation System for the Precise Quad-Zygomatic Implant Placement in a Patient with a Severely Atrophic Maxilla

Published on: October 18, 2021

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Patient-Specific Implants in Severe Glenoid Bone Loss.

Ivan De Martino, David M Dines, Russell F Warren

  • 1Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY. gulottal@hss.edu.

American Journal of Orthopedics (Belle Mead, N.J.)
|March 2, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Patient-specific implants offer a solution for severe glenoid bone loss in shoulder arthroplasty. This approach utilizes computer-aided design and manufacturing for precise reconstruction, addressing limitations of traditional methods.

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Last Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Real-Time Dynamic Navigation System for the Precise Quad-Zygomatic Implant Placement in a Patient with a Severely Atrophic Maxilla
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3D Planning and Printing of Patient Specific Implants for Reconstruction of Bony Defects

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Severe glenoid bone loss poses significant challenges in shoulder arthroplasty, particularly during revision procedures.
  • Current treatments like grafts and augmented components have shown inconsistent outcomes and complications.
  • Traditional methods struggle to address complex deformities effectively.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the use of patient-specific glenoid implants for severe bone loss.
  • To outline indications, technical aspects, and surgical techniques for custom glenoid implants.
  • To review current literature on custom glenoid implants in shoulder reconstruction.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) to create patient-specific implants.
  • Surgical technique involves precise reconstruction of the glenoid vault.
  • Review of existing literature on custom glenoid implants.

Main Results:

  • Patient-specific implants offer a tailored solution for complex glenoid bone deformities.
  • CAD/CAM technology enables precise reconstruction of the glenoid vault.
  • Addresses limitations of traditional reconstructive techniques.

Conclusions:

  • Patient-specific glenoid implants represent an advancement in managing severe glenoid bone loss.
  • This technology provides a more precise and potentially effective reconstructive option.
  • Further research and clinical experience are warranted to fully establish outcomes.