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Mindfulness-based interventions modulate structural network strength in patients with opioid dependence.

Reham Fahmy1, Maha Wasfi1, Rania Mamdouh1

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Addictive Behaviors
|March 2, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) show promise for treating opioid dependence. MBIs improved distress tolerance and altered brain structure in frontostriatal networks, suggesting a role in substance use disorder treatment.

Keywords:
Frontal cortexImpulsivityMRIOpiatesSource-based morphometryStriatum

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Addiction Medicine

Background:

  • Mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) are increasingly used for mental health disorders, including substance use disorders.
  • While neural effects of MBIs are recognized, their impact on brain structure in substance use disorder patients remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of MBIs on brain structure in opioid-dependent patients.
  • To explore the relationship between structural brain changes, distress tolerance, and impulsivity.

Main Methods:

  • Structural MRI was used to assess brain changes in 19 opioid-dependent inpatients over four weeks.
  • Patients received either treatment-as-usual (TAU) or TAU plus MBI.
  • Source-based morphometry analyzed modulation of structural brain networks.

Main Results:

  • Both TAU and MBI groups showed clinical improvement; MBI group had enhanced distress tolerance.
  • MBIs led to increased strength in bilateral striatal/insular and prefrontal/cingulate networks compared to TAU.
  • Prefrontal/cingulate network strength correlated with reduced impulsivity.

Conclusions:

  • MBIs may play a significant role in treating substance use disorders.
  • Structural changes in frontostriatal networks are a potential neural correlate of MBI effects in opioid dependence.