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Correction: Gernhardt et al. Ex Vivo Computed Tomographic Morphometry and Motion of the Native and Fractured Equine Accessory Carpal Bone. <i>Animals</i> 2026, <i>16</i>, 1132.

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Development of a Virtual Reality Assessment of Everyday Living Skills
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Developing an Ethically Acceptable Virtual Fencing System for Sheep.

Danila Marini1, M Dennis Meuleman2,3, Sue Belson4

  • 1School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia. danila.marini@csiro.au.

Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI
|March 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sheep learned to associate an audio cue with an electric stimulus for virtual fencing. After three pairings, sheep avoided the stimulus 52% of the time, showing potential for animal welfare in virtual fencing systems.

Keywords:
associative learningsheep managementtechnologyvirtual fencingwelfare

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Behavior
  • Animal Welfare
  • Agricultural Technology

Background:

  • Virtual fencing systems require animals to learn associations between cues and stimuli.
  • Ensuring animal welfare is paramount when implementing new technologies like virtual fencing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the associative learning capabilities of sheep (Merino x Suffolk ewes) in response to audio and electric stimuli.
  • To determine the efficacy of a virtual fencing training protocol for sheep.

Main Methods:

  • An associative learning test was conducted on 30 ewes using GPS-controlled collars to deliver audio and electric stimuli.
  • Sheep were trained to associate an audio cue with an electric stimulus when approaching an attractant.

Main Results:

  • Approaches to the attractant significantly decreased between day one and day two of training.
  • A mean of three pairings were required for behavioral change.
  • Sheep demonstrated a 52% probability of responding to the audio cue alone after training, avoiding the electric stimulus.

Conclusions:

  • Sheep can be trained to associate an audio cue with an electric stimulus, indicating potential for virtual fencing applications.
  • Further research is needed to explore group training and long-term efficacy in grazing scenarios.