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Population Screening for Hereditary Colorectal Cancer
1Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, 2012 Kenny Road, Room 257, Columbus, OH 43221, USA.
Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America
|March 3, 2018
Summary
Hereditary cancer syndromes like Lynch syndrome impact colorectal cancer risk. Universal tumor screening for Lynch syndrome is recommended but not widely implemented, suggesting a need for broader genetic counseling and testing for all patients.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Genetics
- Cancer Research
Background:
- Colorectal cancer (CRC) is frequently linked to hereditary cancer syndromes, including Lynch syndrome and polyposis syndromes.
- Professional organizations recommend tumor screening for Lynch syndrome.
- Despite recommendations, universal Lynch syndrome screening is not consistently implemented in hospitals.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the prevalence of hereditary cancer syndromes in colorectal cancer patients.
- To advocate for increased genetic counseling and testing accessibility.
- To emphasize the benefits of immunotherapy for microsatellite unstable colorectal cancer.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on hereditary cancer syndromes and colorectal cancer.
- Analysis of prevalence data for hereditary cancer syndromes.
- Discussion of current screening recommendations and implementation gaps.
Main Results:
- Hereditary cancer syndromes are present in approximately 10% of all colorectal cancer patients.
- For patients diagnosed under age 50, the prevalence of hereditary cancer syndromes approaches 16%.
- Microsatellite unstable colorectal cancer patients show improved outcomes with immunotherapy.
Conclusions:
- Current screening practices for Lynch syndrome are insufficient.
- Genetic counseling and testing should be considered for all colorectal cancer patients.
- Addressing hereditary cancer syndromes can improve patient outcomes and guide treatment decisions.
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