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Related Concept Videos

Schizophrenia01:17

Schizophrenia

1.0K
Schizophrenia, a term introduced by Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler in 1911, describes a severe psychological disorder marked by profound disruptions in attention, thought processes, language, emotion, and interpersonal relationships. The core feature of schizophrenia is psychosis — a state characterized by a fundamental detachment from reality. This disconnection manifests through distorted logic, impaired perception, and atypical behavior, severely affecting the lives of those...
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Biological Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Biological Causes of Schizophrenia

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Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric disorder, arises from a complex interplay of biological factors, including genetic predisposition, structural brain abnormalities, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and developmental irregularities. These factors collectively contribute to the onset and progression of the disorder, which typically manifests in late adolescence or early adulthood.
Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia
The genetic basis of schizophrenia is strongly supported by family and twin...
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Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia

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Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...
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Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia01:30

Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

637
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
Negative Symptoms
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia manifest as deficits in normal emotional and behavioral functioning, profoundly impacting daily life. Individuals with schizophrenia often display a flat affect, characterized by a near-total absence of emotional expression,...
637
Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:30

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions

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Schizophrenia is a complex mental health disorder that can manifest with various positive symptoms, including thought, movement, and behavior disorders. These symptoms significantly disrupt cognitive and motor functions, leading to profound effects on an individual's ability to engage with the world.
Thought Disorders
Disorganized and unusual thought processes mark thought disorders in schizophrenia. One key feature is disorganized speech, where an individual's conversation includes...
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Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders01:27

Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders

2.0K
Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
Researchers have identified genetic factors that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia, underscoring the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in disease development. At the core of schizophrenia's pathophysiology is excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission within...
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Measurement of Fronto-limbic Activity Using an Emotional Oddball Task in Children with Familial High Risk for Schizophrenia
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Mapping pathologic circuitry in schizophrenia.

Jill R Glausier1, David A Lewis1

  • 1Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|March 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cognitive impairments in schizophrenia stem from altered dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) neural circuits. Postmortem brain studies reveal microcircuit changes in DLPFC, offering potential therapeutic targets for working memory deficits.

Keywords:
GABAbasket cellcalretininchandelier celldendritic spineparvalbuminpostmortemprefrontal cortexpyramidal cellworking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Schizophrenia presents significant cognitive deficits, particularly in working memory.
  • Working memory relies on dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) neural networks, which show reduced activation in schizophrenia patients.
  • Understanding the cellular basis of DLPFC dysfunction is crucial for developing effective treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cellular and circuitry alterations in the DLPFC of individuals with schizophrenia.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets for cognitive impairments in schizophrenia.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of human postmortem DLPFC brain tissue.
  • Examination of neuronal morphology, protein expression and localization, and transcript levels.
  • Focus on the microcircuitry involving pyramidal cells and parvalbumin-containing interneurons.

Main Results:

  • Alterations were identified in the DLPFC microcircuit of subjects with schizophrenia.
  • These changes involve both excitatory pyramidal cells and inhibitory parvalbumin interneurons.
  • The observed alterations likely contribute to the observed DLPFC dysfunction and cognitive deficits.

Conclusions:

  • Human postmortem brain tissue analysis provides critical insights into schizophrenia pathophysiology.
  • Alterations in DLPFC microcircuits, particularly involving parvalbumin interneurons, are implicated in schizophrenia.
  • These findings highlight specific cellular targets for future therapeutic interventions aimed at improving cognitive function.