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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Using Looming Visual Stimuli to Evaluate Mouse Vision
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Evaluation of visual function in preschool-age children using a vision screening protocol.

Tsukasa Satou1, Yoshiaki Takahashi1, Misae Ito1

  • 1Department of Orthoptics and Visual Sciences, School of Health Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Otawara, Tochigi, Japan.

Clinical Ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)
|March 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Vision screening in preschool children reveals that visual acuity is linked to refractive errors and binocular vision. Comprehensive eye exams including refraction and stereopsis testing are crucial for early detection.

Keywords:
binocular functionhand held autorefractornon-cycloplegicpreschool childrenrefractionvision screening

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatric Optometry
  • Vision Science

Background:

  • Vision screening is vital for early detection of visual impairments in children.
  • Uncorrected visual acuity (VA) is a primary metric, but its relationship with other visual functions requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the association between uncorrected visual acuity (VA), refractive status, and binocular function in preschool-aged children.
  • To determine if incorporating refraction and stereopsis testing enhances vision screening protocols.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 760 children (3-6 years old) from nursery schools in Otawara, Japan.
  • Assessment included uncorrected near visual acuity, manifest refraction, stereopsis, and eye position.
  • Children were categorized into four groups based on their lowest uncorrected near visual acuity between eyes.

Main Results:

  • Children with better uncorrected visual acuity (Group 1) exhibited more myopic refractive errors (median spherical equivalent -1.13 D) and lower astigmatism.
  • Group 1 demonstrated superior binocular function, with 89.6% achieving 60 arcseconds or better in near stereopsis and 98.8% having no strabismus.
  • Conversely, children with poorer visual acuity (Group 4) had significantly worse stereopsis and higher rates of strabismus.

Conclusions:

  • Uncorrected visual acuity alone may not fully capture a child's visual capabilities.
  • Integrating refraction and stereopsis assessment into vision screening provides a more comprehensive evaluation of binocular function in preschool children.
  • These findings support enhancing standard vision screening protocols for improved early detection of visual issues.