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Behavioural and clinical predictors for Loiasis.

Johannes Mischlinger1,2,3,4, Luzia Veletzky1,2,4, Gildas B Tazemda-Kuitsouc5

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New diagnostic scores help identify individuals with loiasis, a disease prevalent in West Africa. These scores aid in safely administering ivermectin for onchocerciasis control in endemic regions.

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Area of Science:

  • Tropical medicine
  • Parasitology
  • Public health

Background:

  • Loiasis is a vector-borne disease in Central and West Africa.
  • Co-infection with onchocerciasis increases risk of fatal encephalopathy with ivermectin treatment.
  • High loiasis burden communities are excluded from ivermectin mass drug administration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop diagnostic scores for rapid identification of loiasis sub-groups.
  • To aid in safe ivermectin administration for onchocerciasis control.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional survey in Gabon (2015-2016) with 947 participants.
  • Clinical and behavioral factors ascertained via questionnaires.
  • Parasitological analysis of blood samples for *L. loa* detection.
  • Diagnostic scores modeled to predict loiasis.

Main Results:

  • Sylvan exposure is a significant risk factor for loiasis.
  • Frequent/intensive forest exposure increased loiasis risk (OR 11.1-25.7).
  • Recurrent pruritus and deep rainforest exposure strongly associated with loiasis (LR 9.18).
  • Absence of weekly forest exposure indicated low loiasis likelihood (LR 0.09).

Conclusions:

  • Composite scores can rapidly identify individuals at high/low risk of loiasis.
  • Scores simplify loiasis control and screening procedures.
  • Scores aid policymakers in tailoring ivermectin administration for safer onchocerciasis control.