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Acute Pharyngitis

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Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
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Acute respiratory failure is a condition characterized by the inability of the lungs to perform their primary function: gas exchange. This failure leads to insufficient oxygen levels (hypoxemia) in the blood, elevated carbon dioxide levels (hypercapnia), or both, causing critical impairment in organ function.
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Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
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Acute Respiratory Failure-V01:29

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Pyomyelia presenting as acute flaccid paralysis.

Shakil Shaikh1, Rajesh Joshi1

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This summary is machine-generated.

A 10-month-old girl with acute flaccid paraplegia was diagnosed with an intramedullary spinal cord abscess. Surgical excision and antibiotics led to significant neurological recovery.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • Intramedullary spinal cord abscesses are rare, particularly in infants.
  • Acute flaccid paraplegia can be a presenting symptom.

Observation:

  • A 10-month-old female presented with fever and acute flaccid paraplegia.
  • Nerve conduction studies indicated demyelinating neuropathy, followed by ascending paralysis and ptosis after intravenous immunoglobulin therapy.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a holocord intramedullary abscess with a dermal sinus tract.

Findings:

  • Surgical excision of the dermal sinus tract and drainage of the abscess were performed.
  • Treatment included 6 weeks of broad-spectrum antibiotics.
  • Significant neurological improvement was observed post-treatment and neurorehabilitation.

Implications:

  • Early diagnosis and surgical intervention are crucial for managing intramedullary spinal cord abscesses.
  • A dermal sinus tract can be a pathway for infection leading to spinal cord abscess.
  • Multimodal treatment including surgery, antibiotics, and rehabilitation can lead to favorable outcomes in pediatric cases.