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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management01:20

Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management

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AssessmentA comprehensive assessment is essential in managing a patient with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Begin with obtaining a detailed medical history, including recent streptococcal infections, a history of rheumatic fever, or previously diagnosed rheumatic heart disease. Assess the patient for symptoms such as fever, chest pain, widespread joint pain (arthralgia), tachycardia, pericardial friction rub, muffled heart sounds, heart murmurs, peripheral edema, subcutaneous nodules, and...
346
Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease01:27

Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease

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Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a multidisciplinary field that examines how psychological factors, particularly stress, interact with the immune system and impact physical health. Research in PNI has shown that chronic or traumatic stress can disrupt both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. These disruptions contribute to serious health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases.
A key area of focus in PNI is the relationship between stress and coronary...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

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Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
381
Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

680
The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
680
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System I:Echocardiography01:17

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System I:Echocardiography

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Cardiac imaging studies encompass a wide range of noninvasive and minimally invasive techniques designed to visualize the heart's structure and function in detail. One such technique is echocardiography, which uses high-frequency ultrasound waves to produce detailed images of the heart, known as echocardiograms.
Indications: Echocardiography is utilized to diagnose heart failure, valve disorders, and myocardial infarction. It also assesses cardiac structures' size, shape, and motion,...
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Cardiovascular Imaging Techniques in Systemic Rheumatic Diseases.

Fabiola Atzeni1, Marco Corda2, Luigi Gianturco3

  • 1Rheumatology Unit, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.

Frontiers in Medicine
|March 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Patients with systemic rheumatic diseases face higher cardiovascular risks. Advanced imaging techniques like speckle tracking echocardiography and 3D US offer more accurate diagnoses for cardiovascular involvement.

Keywords:
atherosclerosiscomputed tomographycoronary artery diseasesendothelial dysfunctionplasma asymmetric dimethylargininesystemic rheumatic diseases

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Rheumatology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Patients with systemic rheumatic diseases exhibit a significantly elevated risk of cardiovascular (CV) events and mortality compared to the general population.
  • Cardiovascular involvement in these patients is diverse, affecting multiple heart structures, but early diagnosis and prompt treatment are now feasible.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current and emerging diagnostic methods for evaluating cardiovascular involvement in patients with systemic rheumatic diseases.
  • To highlight the diagnostic accuracy of newer imaging modalities.

Main Methods:

  • Transthoracic/transesophageal echocardiography, MRI, and CT for valve abnormalities, pericardial disease, and ventricular function.
  • Coronary artery diameter assessment via quantitative coronarography or intravascular ultrasound.
  • Coronary flow reserve and peripheral circulation evaluation using various non-invasive and invasive imaging and measurement techniques, including ultrasonography (US), MRI, CT, PET, and strain-gauge plethysmography.

Main Results:

  • Established imaging techniques reliably detect CV involvement in rheumatic diseases.
  • Speckle tracking echocardiography and 3-dimensional US represent recent advancements offering superior diagnostic accuracy.

Conclusions:

  • Comprehensive cardiovascular risk assessment is crucial for patients with systemic rheumatic diseases.
  • Emerging technologies like speckle tracking echocardiography and 3D US enhance the early and accurate diagnosis of cardiovascular complications in this patient group.