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Updated: Feb 13, 2026

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Deep in the brain: Changes in subcortical function immediately preceding a migraine attack.

Noemi Meylakh1, Kasia K Marciszewski1, Flavia Di Pietro1

  • 1Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.

Human Brain Mapping
|March 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Migraineurs show altered brainstem and hypothalamic activity before an attack. These specific resting brain changes, including infra-slow oscillations and connectivity, were not observed after or between attacks.

Keywords:
hypothalamusinfra-slow oscillationsperiaqueductal gray matterspinal trigeminal nucleus

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • The neural mechanisms underlying migraine attacks are not fully understood.
  • Altered brain function between migraine attacks is hypothesized but sparsely studied.
  • Few studies investigate brain changes in the critical 24-hour period preceding a migraine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate resting-state brain activity changes in migraineurs immediately before, after, and between migraine attacks.
  • To compare these changes with healthy controls using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
  • To identify potential neural precursors to migraine attacks.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to measure infra-slow oscillatory activity, regional homogeneity, and resting-state connectivity.
  • Participants included migraineurs scanned before (n=8), after (n=11), and between (n=26) attacks, and healthy controls (n=78).
  • Statistical comparisons were made between groups for all measured parameters.

Main Results:

  • Migraineurs exhibited increased infra-slow oscillatory activity in brainstem and hypothalamic regions prior to an attack.
  • These pre-migraine changes included heightened connectivity and regional homogeneity in midbrain and hypothalamic areas.
  • These specific alterations were unique to the pre-migraine period and not observed post-attack or between attacks, differing significantly from controls.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides evidence for distinct alterations in brainstem and hypothalamic function immediately preceding a migraine attack.
  • These findings suggest that pre-migraine brain changes in these regions may contribute to migraine expression.
  • This research opens new avenues for understanding migraine pathophysiology and potential early interventions.