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Related Concept Videos

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The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by Edward Lewis in the 1940s while working on fruit flies. He developed the test to identify the location and arrangement of different mutations on chromosomes.
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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Evaluation of the Interplay Between the Complement Protein C1q and Hyaluronic Acid in Promoting Cell Adhesion
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Complement C1q expression in Erythema nodosum leprosum.

Edessa Negera1,2, Stephen L Walker1, Tsehaynesh Lema2

  • 1London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London, United Kingdom.

Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases
|March 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Complement C1q (C1q) protein levels decrease in active Erythema Nodosum Leprosum (ENL) reactions, while its gene expression increases. This suggests C1q may be a diagnostic marker for ENL and treatment monitoring.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Complement System
  • Leprosy Research

Background:

  • Complement C1q initiates the classical pathway of host defense.
  • Previous studies suggest C1q involvement in Erythema Nodosum Leprosum (ENL) pathogenesis.
  • The precise role of C1q in ENL reactions remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate C1q protein levels and gene expression in ENL patients.
  • To compare C1q in peripheral blood and skin biopsies before and after treatment.
  • To assess C1q as a potential diagnostic marker for ENL.

Main Methods:

  • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for circulating C1q.
  • Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for C1qA, C1qB, and C1qC mRNA expression.
  • Analysis in 30 ENL patients and 30 lepromatous leprosy (LL) controls.

Main Results:

  • Circulating C1q was significantly decreased in untreated ENL patients compared to LL controls.
  • C1q gene expression was increased in the peripheral blood of untreated ENL patients.
  • C1qA and C1qC gene expression were elevated in skin biopsies of untreated ENL patients.
  • No significant differences were observed after treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Circulating C1q inversely correlates with active ENL, suggesting utilization in immune complexes.
  • C1q gene expression directly correlates with ENL activity.
  • C1q shows potential as a diagnostic marker for active ENL and for monitoring treatment efficacy.