Autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy after viral encephalitis: A case report
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Updated: Feb 13, 2026

A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease
Published on: April 28, 2019
Jie Li1, Yan Xu1, Haitao Ren1
1Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Abstract:
Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytopathy is a novel autoimmune disease. This is the first report of a case of autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy after herpes simplex viral encephalitis (HSVE). A 35-year-old female patient presented with a combination of headache, fever, seizure and psychiatric/behavioral abnormalities. She had GFAP-IgG in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with gadolinium-enhancement revealed linear enhancement oriented radially to the ventricles. After treatment with corticosteroids, her symptoms were alleviated, the lesions enhancement reduced, and the immunoreactive intensity of GFAP-IgG decreased. This case shows an observational link between HSVE and autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy, suggesting that autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy may provide a new differential diagnosis for relapsing HSVE.
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