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Updated: Feb 13, 2026

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
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Oral Therapies for Multiple Sclerosis.

Simon Faissner1, Ralf Gold1

  • 1Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany.

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|March 4, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New oral medications are transforming multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment. This review covers the mechanisms, clinical data, and safety of fingolimod, dimethylfumarate, teriflunomide, and cladribine, with others in development.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology and Neurology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment is rapidly evolving with the introduction of novel oral medications.
  • Several oral therapies, including fingolimod, dimethylfumarate, teriflunomide, and cladribine, are now approved, with others like laquinimod in development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of action for newly approved oral multiple sclerosis therapies.
  • To present clinical trial data, including efficacy and safety profiles, for these emerging treatments.
  • To discuss the tolerability and potential neuroprotective properties of these compounds.

Main Methods:

  • Review of published literature and clinical trial data on oral multiple sclerosis medications.
  • Analysis of pharmacological mechanisms, including sphingosine-1-phosphate inhibition and dihydroorotate dehydrogenase targeting.
  • Evaluation of safety, tolerability, and efficacy data from clinical studies.

Main Results:

  • Fingolimod, a sphingosine-1-phosphate inhibitor, shows efficacy as escalation therapy with up to 60% reduction in annualized relapse rate and potential neuroprotection.
  • Dimethylfumarate offers immunomodulatory and cytoprotective effects for baseline therapy.
  • Teriflunomide inhibits lymphocyte proliferation by targeting dihydroorotate dehydrogenase.

Conclusions:

  • The landscape of multiple sclerosis treatment is significantly impacted by new oral formulations.
  • Understanding the distinct mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, and safety profiles is crucial for optimal patient management.
  • Ongoing research and development continue to expand therapeutic options for multiple sclerosis.