Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Electromagnetic Navigation Transthoracic Nodule Localization for Minimally Invasive Thoracic Surgery
Published on: May 4, 2022
Milestones in thoracic surgery
Puja Gaur Khaitan1, Thomas A D'Amico2
1Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC.
Objective:
To highlight some of the legendary figures in the medical field who have paved the path of thoracic surgery today.
Methods:
We reviewed historical articles and landmark studies published in anesthesiology, pulmonology, and thoracic surgery, and summarized them as they pertain to current practice.
Results:
Throughout our article, we have attempted to chronologically depict how our field has evolved, starting from the development of the stethoscope to reconstructing the esophagus using an extracorporeal tube to minimally invasive complex surgeries that we practice today.
Conclusions:
We hope that our article can inspire the young minds to further grow the field and take it to higher levels.
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