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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Cigarette Smoke Exposure in Mice using a Whole-Body Inhalation System
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Do flavouring compounds contribute to aldehyde emissions in e-cigarettes?

Konstantinos E Farsalinos1, Vassilis Voudris2

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Sygrou 356, Kallithea 17674, Greece; Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Rio-Patras 26500, Greece; National School of Public Health, 196 Alexandras Avenue, 115 21, Athens Greece.

Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association
|March 5, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study found significantly lower aldehyde emissions from e-cigarettes compared to previous research. Flavoured e-cigarette liquids emit minimal aldehydes, well below smoking levels and safety limits.

Keywords:
AerosolAldehydesE-cigarettesFlavouringsSmoking

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Toxicology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Previous studies indicated high aldehyde emissions from flavored e-cigarette liquids.
  • Concerns exist regarding potential health risks associated with e-cigarette aerosol constituents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To replicate and validate findings on aldehyde emissions from e-cigarettes.
  • To assess aldehyde emissions from new-generation e-cigarette devices and similar flavorings.

Main Methods:

  • Tested three high-emission flavored e-liquids (standard and sweetened) using a specific device and puffing pattern.
  • Evaluated similar flavorings from a different manufacturer with a new-generation e-cigarette device.
  • Included unflavored samples for comparison.

Main Results:

  • Detected low levels of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein, up to 589-fold lower than a previous report.
  • Unflavored liquids showed significantly lower aldehyde emissions compared to some flavored liquids.
  • New-generation devices exhibited even lower aldehyde emissions.
  • Flavored e-cigarette emissions were substantially lower than smoking and indoor/occupational safety limits.

Conclusions:

  • E-cigarettes tested emitted very low levels of aldehydes.
  • While some flavorings may contribute, absolute aldehyde levels were minimal.
  • Validated analytical methods are crucial for accurate e-cigarette emission analysis.