Developing an index of dose of exposure to early childhood obesity community interventions

The recognition of the role of the environment in contributing to the obesity epidemic has led to increasing efforts to address obesity through environmental or place-based approaches in the past decade. This has challenged the use of the quasi-experimental design for evaluating community interventions. The objective of this study is to describe the development of an index of dose of exposure to community interventions that impact early childhood obesity. The goal is to provide an alternative means for evaluating the impact of multiple intervention strategies that target the same community at the same time. Two workgroups developed domains, constructs and protocols for estimating a "community intervention dose index" (CIDI). Information used to develop the protocol came from multiple sources including databases and reports of major funding organizations on obesity-related interventions implemented in Los Angeles County from 2005 to 2015, key informant interviews, and published literature. The workgroups identified five domains relevant to the consideration of dose of exposure to interventions: physical resources, social resources, context, capacity development, and programs and policies; developed a system for classifying programs and policies into macro- and micro-level intervention strategies; and sought ratings of strategy effectiveness from a panel of 13 experts using the Delphi technique, to develop an algorithm for calculating CIDI that considers intervention strength, reach and fidelity. This CIDI can be estimated for each community and used to evaluate the impact of multiple programs that use a myriad of intervention strategies for addressing a defined health outcome.