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Laser-Induced Chronic Ocular Hypertension Model on SD Rats

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Published on: December 4, 2007

Nasal and ocular challenges.

Amber N Pepper¹, Dennis K Ledford¹

¹Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine and James A. Haley Veterans' Affairs Hospital, Tampa, Fla.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

|March 5, 2018

Summary

Nasal and ocular allergen challenges are key diagnostic tools for allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis. These methods help evaluate new treatments and identify allergens, despite variations in study protocols.

Keywords:

Nasal challenge allergen challenge allergic conjunctivitis allergic rhinitis local allergic rhinitis nonallergic rhinitis ocular challenge provocation test

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Area of Science:

Allergy and Immunology
Ophthalmology
Rhinology

Background:

Nasal and ocular challenges assess responses to allergens or irritants.
Allergen challenges are the gold standard for diagnosing allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis.
These challenges aid in evaluating new therapies and identifying clinically relevant allergens.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the utility of nasal and ocular challenges in clinical practice and research.
To highlight the role of these challenges in diagnosing allergic diseases and testing treatments.
To discuss the different methodologies and limitations of current challenge protocols.

Main Methods:

Direct mucosal challenges in clinical settings.
Environmental exposure studies (e.g., park studies, environmental chambers).
Evaluation of subjective and objective patient responses.

Main Results:

Nasal and ocular allergen challenges are valuable for diagnosis and therapy evaluation.
Nonspecific challenges assess mucosal hyperreactivity.
Environmental simulations offer more natural exposure compared to direct challenges.

Conclusions:

Despite a lack of international consensus on methodology, nasal and ocular challenges are indispensable tools.
Standardization of challenge protocols would enhance their reliability and comparability.
These challenges remain crucial for advancing the understanding and treatment of nasal and ocular allergic diseases.