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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
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Electrochemistry is the science involved in the interconversion of electrical and chemical reactions. Such reactions are called reduction-oxidation, or redox reactions. These important reactions are defined by changes in oxidation states for one or more reactant elements and include a subset of reactions involving the transfer of electrons between reactant species. Electrochemistry as a field has evolved to yield sufficient insights on the fundamental principles of redox chemistry and multiple...
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Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...
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Bioluminescent Orthotopic Model of Pancreatic Cancer Progression
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Redox control in cancer development and progression.

Valeska Helfinger1, Katrin Schröder1

  • 1Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

Molecular Aspects of Medicine
|March 5, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a dual role in cancer. Understanding their redox control mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted cancer treatments and prevention strategies.

Keywords:
AntioxidantsCancer developmentCancer progressionReactive oxygen speciesRedox dependent epigenetic modificationsRedox-sensitive transcription factor

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cancer remains a leading global cause of death, with current treatments often lacking specificity and causing side effects.
  • Individualized medicine aims to improve cancer treatment specificity, but preventing cancer development is a more attractive goal.
  • Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in cancer development and progression due to an imbalance in their production and elimination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of redox control in cancer development and progression.
  • To highlight the complex role of ROS in tumorigenesis and tumor burden.
  • To explore the potential for targeting ROS pathways in cancer therapy and prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current research on redox biology and cancer.
  • Analysis of the dual role of ROS in cellular processes.
  • Synthesis of information on risk factors and mechanisms of carcinogenesis related to ROS.

Main Results:

  • An imbalance in ROS production and elimination, leading to a surplus, causes oxidative damage to macromolecules.
  • Physiological levels of ROS are essential for cell signaling, regulating processes like differentiation and apoptosis.
  • Regulated ROS formation at physiological levels can inhibit tumor formation and progression.

Conclusions:

  • Redox control is a critical factor in cancer development and progression.
  • Targeting ROS pathways offers potential for novel cancer treatment and prevention strategies.
  • Further research into the precise mechanisms of redox control in cancer is warranted.