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Dietary influences on cognition
A C Reichelt1, L E Stoeckel2, L P Reagan3
1School of Health and Biomedical Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3083, Australia.
Physiology & Behavior
|March 5, 2018
Summary
Diet significantly impacts brain health and cognitive function. Understanding how nutrition affects the central nervous system (CNS) is crucial for managing obesity and related cognitive deficits.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Metabolic Disorders
- Nutritional Science
Background:
- Obesity is a global health crisis with significant healthcare and socio-economic impacts.
- The central nervous system (CNS) is increasingly recognized as a target for metabolic disorder complications.
- Dietary choices are implicated in the etiology and progression of obesity, yet their precise impact on CNS integrity is not fully understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the effects of diet on cognitive function, particularly in the context of obesity.
- To highlight gaps in knowledge regarding the mechanistic basis of neurocognitive deficits associated with obesity.
- To emphasize the need for integrated approaches to study diet's impact on behavior and cognition.
Main Methods:
- Review of clinical and basic science literature on diet and cognition.
- Summary of discussions from the 2017 Society for the Study of Ingestive Behavior (SSIB) meeting.
- Focus on both acute and chronic effects of hypercaloric diets on cognitive performance.
Main Results:
- Chronic hypercaloric diets contribute to obesity and may underlie neurocognitive deficits.
- Acute consumption of hypercaloric diets can impair cognitive performance even in non-obese individuals.
- Diet exerts both rapid and long-lasting effects on cognitive function.
Conclusions:
- Diet plays a critical role in maintaining CNS structural and functional integrity.
- Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which diet influences cognition in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
- Integrated approaches are essential to comprehensively understand diet-behavior-cognition interactions.
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