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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids02:26

Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids

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Particles in a solid are tightly packed together (fixed shape) and often arranged in a regular pattern; in a liquid, they are close together with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape); in a gas, they are far apart with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape). Particles in a solid vibrate about fixed positions (cannot flow) and do not generally move in relation to one another; in a liquid, they move past each other (can flow) but remain in essentially constant contact; in a gas, they move...
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Updated: Feb 13, 2026

A Brain Tumor/Organotypic Slice Co-culture System for Studying Tumor Microenvironment and Targeted Drug Therapies
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Targeting the microenvironment in solid tumors.

Carmen Belli1, Dario Trapani1, Giulia Viale1

  • 1Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy.

Cancer Treatment Reviews
|March 5, 2018
PubMed
Summary

The tumor microenvironment (TME) drives cancer growth and drug resistance through complex cellular and non-cellular interactions. Targeting TME components offers a promising multitargeted approach for effective cancer treatment.

Keywords:
Bone marrow derived cellsCancer-associated fibroblastsEndothelial cellsExtracellular matrixImmune cellsTumor microenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Tumorigenesis involves intricate interactions within the tumor microenvironment (TME).
  • The TME comprises non-malignant cells (e.g., cancer-associated fibroblasts, immune cells) and the extracellular matrix (ECM).
  • TME components influence tumor development, progression, and drug resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To overview the functions of TME components.
  • To discuss therapeutic strategies targeting key TME players.
  • To highlight the potential of multitargeted approaches in cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on TME composition and function.
  • Analysis of molecular and cellular crosstalk within the TME.
  • Examination of current and emerging therapeutic strategies targeting TME.

Main Results:

  • The TME's cellular and non-cellular elements critically regulate tumor progression and drug resistance.
  • Deregulation of the ECM contributes to an enhanced tumorigenic microenvironment, promoting angiogenesis and inflammation.
  • Multitargeted inhibition of TME components shows potential for more effective cancer therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding TME dynamics is crucial for developing novel cancer treatments.
  • Targeting specific TME components can disrupt tumor growth and overcome resistance.
  • Simultaneous inhibition of multiple TME targets represents a promising therapeutic strategy.