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Nutritional problems of children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia after hospital discharge
Gianluca Lista1, Fabio Meneghin, Ilia Bresesti
1UOC Neonatologia, Patologia Neonatale e Terapia Intensiva Neonatale, Ospedale dei Bambini V. Buzzi, ASST FBF - Sacco - Buzzi, Milano. gianluca.lista@asst-fbf-sacco.it.
Insights
Proper nutrition is crucial for premature infants, especially those with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Early nutritional interventions support lung development and improve outcomes for these vulnerable neonates.
Area of Science:
- Neonatology
- Pediatric Pulmonology
- Nutritional Science
Background:
- Advances in neonatal care have increased survival rates for premature infants.
- Prolonged mechanical ventilation is a significant risk factor for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in neonates.
- BPD is a complex condition with pulmonary, neurological, and growth-related sequelae.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an overview of key nutritional principles for premature infants.
- To highlight nutritional interventions relevant for premature infants diagnosed with BPD.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on nutritional management in premature infants.
- Analysis of studies examining the impact of nutrition on lung development and BPD.
Main Results:
- Early and adequate nutrition is essential for optimal lung maturation and function.
- Specific nutritional strategies can mitigate BPD-related complications.
- Multidisciplinary approach including nutrition is vital for managing BPD.
Conclusions:
- Nutritional management plays a critical role in the care of premature infants, particularly those with BPD.
- Tailored nutritional interventions can improve pulmonary outcomes and overall growth.
- Further research into optimal nutrition for BPD management is warranted.
Abstract:
The last decades have seen significant improvements in the care of premature infants. The introduction of new approaches, especially in the ventilatory management, have led to significant increase of survival rate of low and extremely low gestational age infants. These populations of neonates, however, often experience prolonged mechanical ventilation, which is widely recognized to be closely related to bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) development. The management of BPD, which is a multifactorial disease, requires a multidisciplinary approach and remains challenging for all the physicians involved. In fact, short and long-term sequelae are not only related to pulmonary performances but include neurological impairment and growth deficiency. A proper nutrition management since the very first days has shown to significantly contribute to the optimal maturation and functionality of the lung. In this paper, we aim to give an overall of the main principles of nutrition in infants born prematurely, with specific regard to the interventions, which could be relevant in infants affected by BPD.
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