Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 7, 2026

A GPC3-targeting Bispecific Antibody, GPC3-S-Fab, with Potent Cytotoxicity
Published on: July 12, 2018
This review discusses evidence, derived from three patients and some animal studies, on the relationship between complement, complement receptors and antibody formation. These patients (as "experiments of nature") supplemented by the animal data, confirm the importance of C3 and the iC3b receptor in the full expression of the humoral immune response. Presumably the role affects the presentation of antigen. The timing, as seen in the guinea-pig experiments, suggests that the effect is in the initial presentation of the antigen at the time of induction of the primary response and determines the nature of the secondary response to antigen several weeks later. The primary and secondary humoral immune responses appear to be a single continuum rather than two separate steps in the same process.
This review discusses evidence, derived from three patients and some animal studies, on the relationship between complement, complement receptors and antibody formation. These patients (as "experiments of nature") supplemented by the animal data, confirm the importance of C3 and the iC3b receptor in the full expression of the humoral immune response. Presumably the role affects the presentation of antigen. The timing, as seen in the guinea-pig experiments, suggests that the effect is in the initial presentation of the antigen at the time of induction of the primary response and determines the nature of the secondary response to antigen several weeks later. The primary and secondary humoral immune responses appear to be a single continuum rather than two separate steps in the same process.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Antibody Structure
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
Antibody Structure
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...
Immunocytochemistry and Immunohistochemistry
These...
Diversity of Antigen Receptors
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
Antibody Structure and Classes
The basic structure of an antibody consists of four protein chains: two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. These chains are held together by disulfide bonds and other non-covalent interactions, forming a Y-shaped structure.

