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Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Stereotaxic Surgery for Excitotoxic Lesion of Specific Brain Areas in the Adult Rat
Published on: July 19, 2012
Newer advances in lesional surgery for movement disorders
1Department of Neurosurgery, P. D. Hinduja National Hospital, Mahim, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Abstract:
An analysis of the existing literature on lesioning for movement disorders was undertaken to review lesion therapy and its advances. Advances in imaging technology and electrophysiological techniques used for localization of brain structures and its functions, such as microelectrode recordings and macrostimulation, have greatly improved the ability to accurately identify the target nuclei such as the ventrointermediate nucleus (Vim), globus pallidus interna (GPi) and subthalamic nucleus (STN). Many important changes are happening in the understanding of lesion making. Its application as a cheaper modality of treatment; being less cumbersome; having a wider geographical appeal; and more options to create a lesion, appeals to the clinician. The procedure is undergoing a revival.
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