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Related Concept Videos

Anatomical Movements00:51

Anatomical Movements

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Anatomical movements refer to the various actions or motions that can be performed by the body's joints and muscles. These movements are described using specific terms to provide a standardized way of discussing and understanding the range of motion at different joints.
Here are some common anatomical movements:
Flexion and extension motions are in the sagittal (anterior–posterior) plane of motion. These movements take place at the shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, wrist,...
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Intrinsically Disordered Proteins02:18

Intrinsically Disordered Proteins

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Intrinsically disordered proteins are a group of proteins that do not fold into specific three-dimensional structures. Their structural flexibility allows them to complement ordered proteins to perform functions that are inaccessible to rigid structures. They are more common in eukaryotes than prokaryotes and may either be exclusively intrinsically disordered or hybrid proteins, consisting of a mix of ordered and disordered regions. The absence of a rigid structure in these proteins can be...
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The Movement of Organelles and Vesicles01:43

The Movement of Organelles and Vesicles

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In eukaryotic cells,  cytoskeletal filaments such as actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments form a mesh-like cytoskeletal network. These filaments serve as tracks for transporting cellular cargo. Specialized motor proteins use the chemical energy stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for this transport. During interphase, microtubules are polarized, with the plus-end towards the cell periphery and the minus-end towards the cell center. Two microtubule-associated motor proteins,...
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Fluid Movement Between Compartments01:18

Fluid Movement Between Compartments

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The force applied by fluids against a surface, known as hydrostatic pressure, initiates the transfer of fluid among different compartments. Within our blood vessels, the blood's hydrostatic pressure is a result of the heart's pumping action. At the arteriolar end of capillaries, hydrostatic pressure (capillary blood pressure) exceeds the opposing colloid osmotic pressure created primarily by plasma proteins like albumin. This discrepancy in pressure propels plasma and nutrients from the...
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Movement Joints in Buildings01:27

Movement Joints in Buildings

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Movement joints in buildings are essential design elements that accommodate inevitable motions caused by various factors such as temperature changes, moisture content variations, and structural deflections. These motions, if not considered in design and construction, can lead to unsightly or dangerous damage. Movement joints are incorporated in different forms to manage these stresses and allow materials to move without causing distress.
The simplest type of movement joints, working joints, are...
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Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria01:10

Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria

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Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Controlling Parkinson's Disease With Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation
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Controlling Parkinson's Disease With Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation

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Deep brain stimulation for movement disorders: Surgical nuances.

Manmohan Singh1, K V Shabari Girishan1, Jitin Bajaj1

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Neurology India
|March 6, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a procedure for Parkinson's disease and dystonia. Proper patient selection and precise surgical execution are crucial for successful outcomes.

Keywords:
DBSDeep brain stimulationParkinson's diseasedystoniaessential tremorsmicroelectrode recordingstereotaxy

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Last Updated: Feb 13, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Neurology
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Parkinson's disease (PD) and dystonia are primary indications for deep brain stimulation (DBS).
  • Successful DBS outcomes depend heavily on meticulous surgical technique and patient selection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the critical steps and considerations for performing deep brain stimulation (DBS).
  • To emphasize the importance of precision in DBS procedures for optimal patient results.

Main Methods:

  • Preoperative non-stereotactic MRI acquisition.
  • Stereotactic frame application and image fusion (MRI with CT).
  • Detailed surgical planning of target and trajectory for lead placement.
  • Implantation of the pulse generator and subsequent device programming.

Main Results:

  • The study emphasizes that precise target localization and procedural execution are paramount.
  • Proper patient selection is identified as the most significant predictor of positive postoperative outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Deep brain stimulation (DBS) requires utmost care and precision throughout all procedural stages.
  • Adherence to meticulous planning and execution directly influences the final surgical outcome in DBS procedures.