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Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Murine Oropharyngeal Aspiration Model of Ventilator-associated and Hospital-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia
Published on: June 28, 2018
Prognostic Risk Factors in Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
Ziyaattin Karakuzu1, Remzi Iscimen1, Halis Akalin2
1Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Uludag University, School of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey.
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) prognosis is negatively impacted by high SOFA scores and low PaO2/FIO2 ratios. Resistant bacteria are common in early-onset VAP, with Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa being frequent culprits.
Area of Science:
- Critical Care Medicine
- Infectious Diseases
- Pulmonology
Background:
- Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common nosocomial infection in intensive care units (ICUs).
- Identifying factors influencing VAP patient prognosis is crucial for improving outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze factors affecting the prognosis of patients diagnosed with VAP.
- To evaluate the role of bacterial resistance and severity scores in VAP outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of critically ill VAP patients (June 2002-June 2011).
- VAP diagnosis based on 2005 ATS/IDSA criteria.
- Analysis of first pneumonia episodes, focusing on early- and late-onset VAP.
Main Results:
- Resistant bacteria were more prevalent in early-onset VAP.
- High APACHE II (>21) and SOFA scores (>6) on ICU admission and VAP diagnosis were significant risk factors for mortality.
- Low PaO2/FIO2 ratio at VAP onset negatively impacted prognosis.
- SOFA score >6 on VAP diagnosis was an independent predictor of mortality (OR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.2-1.6).
Conclusions:
- Early-onset VAP may involve resistant bacteria, with length of stay (LOS) potentially aiding in their estimation.
- Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and MRSA were the most frequent VAP pathogens.
- SOFA scores may offer greater prognostic value than APACHE II scores in VAP patients.
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