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Tissue-specific Role of CX3CR1 Expressing Immune Cells and Their Relationships with Human Disease

Myoungsoo Lee1,2, Yongsung Lee1, Jihye Song1

  • 1Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea.

Immune Network
|March 6, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Chemokine ligand CX3CL1 and its receptor CX3CR1 are vital for immune cell movement and function. Their roles in maintaining tissue health and contributing to disease pathogenesis are explored across various organs.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1 (CX3CL1, fractalkine) and its receptor CX3CR1 are expressed in diverse immune and non-immune cells.
  • CX3CR1 expression is cell type-specific within tissues and found on monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, and NK cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding CX3CL1/CX3CR1 roles in major tissues.
  • To explore the relationship between CX3CL1/CX3CR1 and human diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on CX3CL1/CX3CR1 expression and function.
  • Analysis of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 involvement in tissue homeostasis and disease pathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • CX3CL1/CX3CR1 interaction mediates immune cell chemotaxis.
  • CX3CR1-expressing cells influence pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory responses based on the environment.
  • These cells are crucial for tissue homeostasis in bone marrow, brain, lung, liver, gut, and cancer.

Conclusions:

  • CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling plays a dual role in health and disease.
  • Dysregulation of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 contributes to the pathogenesis of various human diseases.

Keywords:
CX3CL1CX3CR1MacrophagesMonocytesTissue specificity

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