In vivo measurement of glucose concentration with lasers

Common polarimeters defined the concentration of an optically active sample by measuring the intensity of the light beam after it has passed through the analyser. Consequently, it can be stated that up to now, there have been the disadvantages of having a signal dependent on absolute light intensity. The new method that is described has a sensitivity that is in great measure independent of absolute light intensity, whereby only one light trace is necessary. The new principle uses no mechanical rotations. Instead, an electrical signal indicates the amount of optical rotation of the sample. The high sensitivity that can be reached is theoretically only limited by polarization noise. By going to the uttermost physical and electronic lengths, sensitivity values of more than 10(-5) degrees can be reached. Furthermore, the mechanical dimensions of the apparatus can be made very small by the application of a solid-state laser.