Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drive-Reduction Theory: Push Theory of Motivation01:27

Drive-Reduction Theory: Push Theory of Motivation

1.3K
Clark Hull's drive-reduction theory, introduced in the 1940s and 1950s and often termed the "push theory" of motivation, provides a framework for understanding how biological and learned drives influence behavior. Hull suggested that motivation originates from the need to alleviate physiological tension caused by unmet biological necessities. The theory proposes that when a basic need, such as hunger or sleep, goes unfulfilled, it creates an internal imbalance. This imbalance, or...
1.3K
Incentive Theory: Pull Theory of Motivation01:18

Incentive Theory: Pull Theory of Motivation

951
Incentive theory, or the "pull theory" of motivation, suggests that external rewards primarily drive behavior. Individuals are motivated to engage in activities when they anticipate a desirable outcome. This is why people often work hard for promotions or study intensively to achieve high grades. These incentives can be tangible, physical rewards such as money or promotions, or intangible, non-physical rewards like praise and social recognition.
The theory differentiates between...
951
Disubstituted Cyclohexanes: cis-trans Isomerism02:37

Disubstituted Cyclohexanes: cis-trans Isomerism

14.3K
Depending upon the different spatial orientation of the substituents, the disubstituted cycloalkanes exhibit two types of stereoisomers. The cis isomers have the substituents on the same side of the ring, whereas the trans isomers have the substituents on the opposite sides. These stereoisomers exhibit different physical properties and cannot be interconverted without breaking the carbon-carbon bonds.
In cyclohexane, the substituents can occupy different positions generating distinct isomers....
14.3K
TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

10.6K
The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors...
10.6K
Adrenergic Receptors: β Subtype01:26

Adrenergic Receptors: β Subtype

3.9K
β-adrenoceptors have varied sensitivities towards adrenaline, noradrenaline, and isoprenaline. The order of agonist potency is as follows:
Isoprenaline > Adrenaline > Noradrenaline
Neurotransmitter binding to these receptors causes activation of adenylyl cyclase resulting in increased concentrations of cAMP and modulation of calcium ion channels within the cell. They are further classified into β1, β2, and β3 subtypes.
β1-adrenoceptors: β1-adrenoceptors...
3.9K
Reduction of Alkynes to trans-Alkenes: Sodium in Liquid Ammonia02:10

Reduction of Alkynes to trans-Alkenes: Sodium in Liquid Ammonia

10.7K
Alkynes can be reduced to trans-alkenes using sodium or lithium in liquid ammonia. The reaction, known as dissolving metal reduction, proceeds with an anti addition of hydrogen across the carbon–carbon triple bond to form the trans product. Since ammonia exists as a gas (bp = −33°C) at room temperature, the reaction is carried out at low temperatures using a mixture of dry ice (sublimes at −78°C) and acetone. 
When dissolved in liquid ammonia, an alkali metal, such as sodium,...
10.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Resistin, an adipocytokine, offers protection against acute myocardial infarction.

Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology·2007
Same author

Liquid chromatographic analysis of phosphoamino acids at femtomole level using chemical derivatization with N-hydroxysuccinimidyl fluorescein-O-acetate.

Analytica chimica acta·2007
Same author

6-oxy-(acetyl piperazine) fluorescein as a new fluorescent labeling reagent for free fatty acids in serum using high-performance liquid chromatography.

Journal of chromatography. A·2007
Same author

Synthesis and fluorescence properties of 5,7-diphenylquinoline and 2,5,7-triphenylquinoline derived from m-terphenylamine.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2007
Same author

[Metabolic engineering of terpenoids in plants].

Sheng wu gong cheng xue bao = Chinese journal of biotechnology·2007
Same author

Hedgehog signaling in the murine melanoma microenvironment.

Angiogenesis·2007

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

A Push-pull Protocol to Reduce Colonization of Bird Nest Boxes by Honey Bees
06:03

A Push-pull Protocol to Reduce Colonization of Bird Nest Boxes by Honey Bees

Published on: September 4, 2016

9.1K

β-Functionalized trans-A2B2 push-pull tetrabenzoporphyrins.

Siddhartha Kumar1, Xiaoqin Jiang, Wenqian Shan

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA. hong.wang@unt.edu.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|March 6, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed novel β-functionalized trans-A2B2 tetrabenzoporphyrins using regioselective bromination and a palladium-catalyzed reaction. These new porphyrins display distinct UV-Vis absorption and emission properties.

More Related Videos

Pull-down of Calmodulin-binding Proteins
07:51

Pull-down of Calmodulin-binding Proteins

Published on: January 23, 2012

26.0K
An Instrumented Pull Test to Characterize Postural Responses
12:18

An Instrumented Pull Test to Characterize Postural Responses

Published on: April 6, 2019

11.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 13, 2026

A Push-pull Protocol to Reduce Colonization of Bird Nest Boxes by Honey Bees
06:03

A Push-pull Protocol to Reduce Colonization of Bird Nest Boxes by Honey Bees

Published on: September 4, 2016

9.1K
Pull-down of Calmodulin-binding Proteins
07:51

Pull-down of Calmodulin-binding Proteins

Published on: January 23, 2012

26.0K
An Instrumented Pull Test to Characterize Postural Responses
12:18

An Instrumented Pull Test to Characterize Postural Responses

Published on: April 6, 2019

11.5K

Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Photochemistry

Background:

  • Porphyrins are versatile macrocyclic compounds with diverse applications.
  • Tetrabenzoporphyrins offer unique photophysical properties but synthesis can be challenging.
  • Functionalization of porphyrin cores is key to tuning their properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and synthesize novel β-functionalized trans-A2B2 tetrabenzoporphyrins.
  • To explore new synthetic methodologies for porphyrin functionalization.
  • To investigate the photophysical properties of the synthesized compounds.

Main Methods:

  • Development of regioselective bromination chemistry for porphyrins.
  • Application of a palladium(0)-catalyzed three-step, one-pot reaction.
  • Characterization of synthesized tetrabenzoporphyrins using spectroscopic techniques (UV-Vis, emission).

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of a series of β-functionalized trans-A2B2 tetrabenzoporphyrins.
  • Demonstration of a novel and efficient synthetic route.
  • Observation of unique UV-Vis absorption and emission patterns in the synthesized benzoporphyrins.

Conclusions:

  • The developed synthetic strategy provides access to novel functionalized tetrabenzoporphyrins.
  • The synthesized compounds possess distinct photophysical characteristics.
  • This work expands the library of tetrabenzoporphyrins for potential applications in materials science and photochemistry.